Fluorides

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Fluorides

• What we should know ??!!!!

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History

• Dr Fredrick Mckay
• Early 1900s

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History

• Colorado Springs, Colorado

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History

• Enamel blotching
• Colorado Brown Stain

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History

• - 1908 ---- environmental agent ??
• - 1920s ---- constitute of community water
  supplies
• - 1928 ------ caries were reduced by same water
  that produced mottled enamel
• -1931----- F was found in amount ranging up to 14
  parts per million (PPM)

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Fluoride

• F is one of the most reactive elements and
  therefore is never found naturally in its element
  form

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Fluoride

• The F ion is abundant in nature and occurs
  almost universally in soils and waters in varying
  concentrations

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Fluoride

• Humans absorb F from
• - Air
• - Food
• - Water

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Absorption

• In general F are absorbed mainly from the
  gastrointestinal tract
• 80 food 85-97 water
• Some ions such as Calcium Magnesium Aluminum
  prevents its absorption

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Retention

• - F has affinity for the calcified tissues so
  after they are absorbed, small quantities are
  stored in -bones -developing teeth
• - Because of the relatively small mass of teeth
  they store a small fraction of F
• - Once F is deposited in teeth, it is not
  released
• - The highest concentration is found in outer
  surface of enamel

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Excretion

• - Most of the ingested F is excreted in the urine
• - Amount excreted depends on
• a- the amount takes into the body
• b- age of the person. Excretion is greater in
  older persons than young

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Fluorides Dental Caries

• F has been shown to reduce the incidence of
  dental caries

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Dental Caries

• TOOTH
• CARBOHYDRATES
• (SUGAR OR STARCH)
• BACTERIA

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Fluorides Dental Caries

• - The reductions were greater on free smooth
  surfaces proximal surfaces of teeth less on
  pit fissure surfaces

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Mechanisms of action of F

• F action in preventing dental caries is
  multifactorial
• 1- It incorporates into the developing enamel
  increases its resistance to acids produced by
  bacteria in the dental plaque
• 2- It enhances remineralization of initial
  (early) lesions
• 3- It inhibits the metabolization of sugar by
  bacteria to produce acids

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Dental Fluorosis

• - (motttled enamel) is the most sensitive index
  of increased excessive F intake
• - It occurs when children ingest excessive
  amounts of F during the development of enamel
  (from third month of gestation --- up to 8 yrs of
  life

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BONE Fluorosis
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WITH / WITHOUT OR WITH