Reproduction

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Reproduction

• Ch. 10

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Asexual Reproduction

• One parent
• One nucleus
• Offspring are identical to parent and each other.

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Binary Fission

• Prokaryotic cells
• One cell splits into two cells
• Ex. bacteria

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Budding

• New individual starts as an outgowth on the
  parent and separates
• Ex. Hydra and potato eyes

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Cloning

• Involves the transfer of a body cell nucleus into
  an ovum
• Ex. Dolly the sheep

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Fragmentation

• A piece of the parent breaks off and grows into a
  new organism.
• Ex. Sea star

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Mitosis

• Eukaryotic cells
• Nucleus divides into two then one cell divides
  into two.
• Ex. Ameba and skin cells

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Sporulation

• Process that produces spores (asexual)
• Spores are cells that grow into a new organism
• Ex. Mushrooms

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Vegetative Reproduction

• Involves part of an organism that is not usually
  used for reproduction.
• Ex. Plant cutting uses a stem or leaf to grow a
  new plant

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Sexual Reproduction

• Two parents
• Two gametes
• Two nuclei join into one nucleus
• Offspring are NOT identical to either parent or
  to each other.

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Gametes

• Reproductive cells
• Eukarytoes
• Produced by a process called meiosis
• Contain only half the genetic information needed
  by an organism

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Fertilization

• Joining (fusion) of 2 gametes

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Gestation

• Internal incubation period for embryos
• Ex. human pregnancy lasts 9 months

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Meiosis

• Type of cell division
• Produces gametes

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Ova (aka egg)

• Female gamete
• Larger than sperm
• Contains structures and nutrients needed in early
  development

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Sperm

• Male gamete
• Moves with a flagellum
• Contains many mitochondria and enzymes

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Zygote

• Single cell
• Results from the joining of the egg nucleus and
  sperm nucleus.

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Embryo

• Forms as soon as the zygote divides into two
  cells.
• Stage of development that lasts until 8 weeks in
  humans

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Fetus

• Developing human from three months to birth