PRACTICE FROM CHINA

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• PRACTICE FROM CHINA
• GEF HAI BASIN INTEGRATED WATER AND ENVIRONMENT
  MANAGEMENT PROJECT
• World Bank / Liping Jiang
• In Cairns 23/10/2009

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• Topics
• Challenges in Hai Basin and Bohai Sea
• 2. Project Approach to Face the Challenges
• 3. Major Project Results or Outcomes

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• 1. Main Challenges in Hai Basin and Bohai Sea

Water Shortage Groundwater abstraction exceeds
recharge by 7.2 billion m3/yr, surface water is
overused by 2.4 billion m3/yr Water Pollution
About 5.0 billion m3 to rivers without treatment,
which makes 80 of surface water and 50 of
groundwater polluted and Ecosystem
Degradation Many rivers , lakes and wetlands
dried up and ecosystems have been seriously
damaged.
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The water demand for social and economic
development in a river basin is approaching to
the red line of water demand for ecosystems
Q
Total Water Resources Availability
Environmental Water Demand
Social-economic Water Demands
Water Supply
T
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With the rapid social and economic development,
water demand for ecosystems was seized. As a
result, environment and groundwater situation is
getting worse.
Q
Seized Environmental Demand
T
6
There is a conflict between water demand for
social and economic development and water demand
for ecosystem protection.
Q
Environment damaged
Ineffective Investment
No Risks but with big water shortage
T
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There is a need to increase water supply or to
reduce water demand, particularly to reduce the
water demand from the irrigated agriculture.
Inter-basin Water Transfer
Reducing Water Demand
Q
Increasing Water Supply
T
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3. Project Approach to Face the Challenges

• ? Top-down /bottom-up and horizontal and
  vertical integration
• ? Remote-Sensing based ET monitoring and
  evaluation
• ? The actual consumptive use of water should
  be less than
• the target consumptive use of water at both
  river basin
• and field levels
• ? The total pollution loads should be less
  than environment
• carrying capacity of the rivers, lakes and
  sub-basins
• ? Establish consumption (ET)-based water
  rights system to
• really control consumptive use of water
• ? Integrated three measures to reduce
  consumptive use of
• irrigated water including engineering,
  agricultural and
• management improvements

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Free Remote Sensing Data
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Remote Sensing based ET Management

• The key for controlling the consumptive use of
  water is to find out the actual water consumption
  (ET) for irrigated areas and ecosystem areas. The
  technology now can measure the actual ET within a
  pixel of 30x30 meter or 1x1 km and provided the
  technical basis for the analysis on consumptive
  use of water at both river basin and field levels

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How to increase crop yield or value per unit
of consumed water?
Yield
CROP PRODUCTION FUNCTION Yield ƒ (ET)
Yield 1 Yield 2
ET 1
ET 2
ET ???
To increase water productivity with agricultural
measures and irrigation scheduling including
deficit irrigation.
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Analysis of consumptive use of water at the
river basin level

• ? It refers to water balance between
  actual consumptive
• use and target consumptive use of water
• ? The actual consumptive use includes the
  actual uses for
• urban, agricultural and ecosystems
• ? The target water consumption for
  agricultural
• precipitation inflow allowed
  groundwater overdraft
• urban water consumption ecosystem
  water
• consumption outflow
• ? The total Actual water consumption for
  agriculture at the
• subproject level should be less than the
  target water
• consumption at the river basin level
  through the
• subproject design at the filed level.

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Analysis of consumptive use of water at the
crop field level

• ? It refers to the balance between actual
  consumptive
• use with project and the target
  consumptive use at the
• field level
• ? The target consumptive use with project
  at the field
• level could be find out proportionally
  with the actual
• water consumption at the field level
• ? The subproject design with three
  water-saving
• measures should make the actual water
  consumption
• with project less than the target water
  consumption
• at the field level.

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New Water Rights System based on Consumption
Control

• ? Given the same amount of water withdrawal,
  the water users with higher irrigation efficiency
  would normally consume more water than the water
  users with lower irrigation efficiency
• ? The conventional water rights system
  controls only withdrawal, not consumption, hence
  it can not control overuse of water
• ? The new water rights system would control
  consumption, which tries to solve the issue on
  how to control overuse of water. It includes
  three elements
• 1. Water withdrawal (updated once a
  year)
• 2. Target water consumption
• 3. Water release (with water quality
  stipulated).
• ? The relationship on the three elements
  is
• Water Withdrawal Target Water
  Consumption Water
• Release

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3. Major Project Outputs or Outcomes

• Outputs include (a) 8 strategic studies at river
  basin level (b)16 integrated water and
  environment plans at the county level (c) 4
  demonstration projects at field level (d)
  knowledge management system and (e) 2 ET
  production and application centers as well as (f)
  2 strategic action plans at the river basin
  levels
• Outcomes include (a) the reduced pollution loads
  to Bohai Sea (b) reduced total consumptive use
  (ET) for agricultural uese in Hai River Basin
  (c) increased institutional capacity of
  government agencies for water resources
  management and environment protection and (d)
  government decided to scale up the project to
  other river basins around the Bohai Sea to
  increase the outflow and reduce the pollution
  loads to the Sea

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ET in Tongzhou District of
Beijing
Before Project
After Project
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Zhang-Jia-Wan Township of Tongzhou District of
Being
Before Project
After Project
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• Farmers are learning about
• how to control water consumption and non-point
  pollution

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• Thanks !
• Welcome Questions !