ISOBC Common Core

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ISOBC Common Core

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Title: ISOBC Common Core

1
ISOBC Common Core

Instructor Slides

2
???? ???????? ????? ????????? ????????

?????? ???????
( ??????? )
????? ??????

3
ISOBC Rules

LTC Schlomer is in Charge and all issues come to
him
Any disputes LTC Schlomer has final decision
Open Discussion, Speak Freely
A question can be asked any time during the
lecture
There are no dump questions except the one not
asked
Breaks will be taken when needed and during
exercises you are free to take breaks anytime
Participate in discussion is very important

4
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?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????
?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????
?? ?? ????????
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?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??
?????
??? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????
???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???
???? ???
???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???

5
Role of Signal Officer (2 hrs)

Leader (Set the Example)
Supervisor (Understand the Soldiers listen to
your NCOs, Promotions, Discipline, Training)
Planner (1/3 and 2/3 time rule)
Coordinator (Understand Command and Peer
Relationships)
Know something about everything
Key Responsible for the Action but not do the
Action

6
????? ???? ?????????2 ????

?? ???? ( ???? ????? ?????? )
?? ???? ( ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ,???????
, ???????? , ??????? )
?? ???? ( ????? 1/3 ? 2/3 )
?? ???? ( ???? ) ( ??? ??????? ? ???????
????????? )
?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???
?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????

7
Role of Signal Officer

Leadership the art and science of leading
Who are the leaders (Let Students give Examples
Instructor provide examples) Show Word Document
of Past Iraqi Leaders and discuss.
What are some techniques to leading
Domineering (What are the definitions of each use
research)
Coordinator
Reluctant
What are the keys to being a good leader
Follower (Why is it important to do each item)
Understanding
Decisive Communication
Set the Example, the soldiers are looking to
follow you

8
????? ???? ???????

?? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????
?? ?? ?? ?????? ( ?? ?????? ????? ????
??????? ???? ????)(???? ????? ???? ????
??? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????
???? )
?? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ( ????? ???
??? )
?? ??????? ( ????????? ) ( ?? ??
???????? ?? ?? ??? )
?? ??????
?? ???????
?? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ( ?????
??? ??? ?????? ??? )
?? ???? ( ?? ?? ????? ?? ????)
?? ??????
?? ???? ? ???? ???????? ( ?????? ??????
???????? )
?? ???? ???? ???, (?????? ?????? ??
??????) .

9
Role of Signal Officer

Planner 1/3 2/3 Rule (Ask Students what they
think this means)
Planning a mission is essential to successful
completion of that mission
How does an officer plan (Things to think
about)
What resources are available
When does the mission need to started / completed
What do I need to give to my subordinates to
accomplish the mission
When do my subordinates need the information
How do I provide clear guidance to my
subordinates

10
????? ???? ???????

?? ???? ????? 3/1 ?? 3/2
(???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? )
?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????
?????? ?????
?? ??? ???? ?????? ( ???? ????? ???
)
?? ?? ?? ??????? ???????
?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????
/ ?????
?? ???? ????? ?? ????
????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????
?? ??? ????? ????????? ??
???? ?????????
?? ??? ???? ????????? ??
???? ???????? ?????

11
Role of Signal Officer

Coordinator
Understand the mission of the higher headquarters
What are other units doing to prepare
Who do you talk to when determining your course
of action (Do not make the decision by yourself.
Ask for advice)
Who do you talk to when determining the resources
are available to accomplish the mission

12
????? ???? ???????

?? ??????
?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????
?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????
? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ( ??
????? ?????? . ??? ?? ?????
?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????
?????? ??????

13
Role of Signal Officer

Understand you are not alone
You need to know something about everything in
your area of responsibility
Know your Men and their capabilities (Keys to
being successful)
Know your equipment and what it can do
Know you are not the expert on the equipment the
NCOs are (This is very important Officers must
trust NCOs)
A team can accomplish a mission, individuals can
not. WORK TOGETHER. Officers are Responsible
for completing the mission but the NCOs are
responsible to do the mission

14
????? ???? ???????

?? ??? ??? ??? ?????
?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???
?? ???? ????? ?????????
(?????? ????? ????? )
?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??
????
?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????????
??? ??????? ?? ???????
( ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???
???????? )
?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ,
????? ?? ?????? . ????? ???
?????? ?? ????????? ??????
?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????
??????

15
Role of Signal NCO(1 hr)

Job Performance
Set the Standards for the Soldiers
Expert on the assigned Equipment
Recommends what needs to be done
Develop a plan to accomplish the action
Key Perform the action that needs to be done in
accordance with the Plan

16
????? ??????? 1 ????

?? ???? ?????
?? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????
?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ( ????? ?????? )
?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????
?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????
?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????
?????

17
Role of Signal NCO

Number one role is to do the mission
The NCOs receive their guidance from officers
The NCOs then plan on how to do the mission
They must understand the equipment and what it
takes to Install, Operate, and Maintain that
equipment (Mission success will depend on the
NCOs ability to make it happen)
They must understand how to operate the
equipment. They are the experts on the equipment
not the officers (This is very important)
They must understand how to sustain the equipment
with fuel, maintenance, and parts
They must understand where to fine the fuel,
parts, maintenance to make sure the equipment
stays operational

18
????? ???? ???????

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??????
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??????? .( ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????
??? ???????? ????? )
?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? .
?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? .(
???? ???)
?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???????
??????? , ??????? , ????????
?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ,
??????? , ??????? ???????? ??
??????? ???? ????? .

19
Role of Signal NCO

Recommends what needs to be done to accomplish
the mission (Officers should listen to their
Recommendation)
They understand the equipment and recommends to
the officer the best way to use the equipment to
accomplish the mission
Provide a standard for all Soldiers to follow
The NCOs work closely with the soldiers and
provide guidance to those soldiers
The NCOs lead the way for discipline of the
soldiers
Assist in Planning the mission
Provide support to the Officers in planning the
mission
Assists in determining what resources are
available to accomplish the mission
Provide expert knowledge on what the equipment
can do to accomplish the mission

20
????? ???? ???????

?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????
?? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????
????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????
?????? . ( ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? )
?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????
???
?? ??????? ?????? ????
??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????
?????? .
?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???
???????? .
?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? .
?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??
??????? ?????? .
?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??
??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? .
?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??
?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? .

21
Welcome to the Map Reading Class This a Brief
Summary on key Points on Reading a Military
Map 4 Hours
22

????? ??? ?? ???
????? ???????
??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????
?? ????? ??????? ????????

23
What is Map ? ?? ?? ???????
A map is a Graphic representation of a portion of
the earths surface drawn to scale, as seen from
above. It provides information on the existence,
the location of, and the distance between ground
features, such as populated places and routes of
travel and communication
??????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????
???? ??????? , ?? ????? ???? .????? ??????? ??
????????? , ???????? , ????????? ??? ????? ?????
.??? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ? ?????????
24
Map ReadingItems to Cover

Why is map reading so important to a Signal
Officer
Locating the Location of your mission
Determining the distance to the Location
Determining the route to the Location
Determining the terrain at the Location
Determine if a hill top is near by or is the
location in a valley
What are the parts of Map (Show Map)
Legend
Colors of the Map
What is a 4 digit coordinate (Within 1Km)
What is a 6 digit coordinate (Within 100m)
What is a 8 digit coordinate (Within 10m)
What is a protractor (Show and explain the parts)
What is an Azimuth
What is a Back Azimuth
How does one orientate a map (Show How)

25
????? ???????

????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???????
?? ?????? ???? ?????
?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????
?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????
?? ?????? ???????? ??????
?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????
?? ??????
?? ?? ????? ??????? ( ???? ??????? )
????? ???????
????? ???????
????? ????? ??????????( ?? 1 ???)
??? ????? ?????????? (?? 100 ?)
?????? ????? ?????????? (?? 10 ?)
?? ?? ??????? ( ?????? ????? ??????? )
?? ?? ????? ???????
?? ?? ????? ??????? ???????
??? ???? ??????? ( ???? ???? )

26
Military Coordinate Scale and Protractor ?????
?????????? ??????? ????????
27
Use of the Protractor??????? ???????

All known protractors divide the circle into
units of angular measure, and each has a scale
around the outer edge and an index mark
When using the protractor, the base line is
always oriented parallel to a north-south grid
line.
???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????
????? , ??? ?????
??? ???? ?????? ??
?????? ???????
????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ????
????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???
???????

28
Map Reading????? ???????

Map Reading
- Map
- Scale and Distance
- Colors Used on a Military Map
- Directions
????? ???????
?? ???????
?? ????? ????? ?????????
?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????
?? ?????????

29
(No Transcript)
30
1000-Meter Reading ????? 1000 ???
1000 ???
KEY Read Map Right then Up
31
1000 Meter Reading ????? 1000 ???
10 ???
100 ???
MB 245576
32
What is a Scale ? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?
A graphic Scale is a ruler printed on the map and
is used to convert distance on the map to actual
ground distance.
????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????
?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????
????????
33
Distance ???????

Methods of How to Determine Distance
Straight-Line Distance
Curved-Line Distance
??? ????? ????? ???????
????? ???? ????????
????? ???? ???????

34
Straight-Line Distance ????? ???? ????????

To Determine straight-line distance between
two points on a map
- Lay a straight-edge piece of paper on the map
so
that the edge of the paper touches both
points
and extends past them. Make a tick mark on
the
edged of the paper at each point.
?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???
???????
?? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????
???? ???? ?????? ????
???????? ???????? ????? . ?? ??? ??????
????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????
???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????

35
Curved-Line Distance

To determine curved-line distance between
two points on a map
- Lay a straight edge piece of paper on the
map, make a
tick at point A. Align the paper with the
road edge until
you come to a curve, make another mark on
the paper.
Then pivot the paper so that it is aligned
with the road.
Repeat this until you reach point B. Then
measure the
distance on the bar scale.
?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????
?? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???
????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?
???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??
??? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??????
????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??
??? ??? ?????? . ??? ??? ??????? ???
?? ??? ??? ?????? ? . ?????? ??
??????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????

36
Convert the map distance to ground distance ?????
??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????

To Convert the map distance to ground distance
- move the paper down to the graphic bar
scale, and align
the right tick mark with a printed number in
the primary
scale so that the left tick mark is in the
extension scale.
- The Right tick mark is aligned with a xxx
amount of
meters mark in the primary scale, thus the
distance is
at least xxx meters
?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????
?????
?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? , ?????
?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????
??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????
??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????
??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????
?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??
??? (? ? ?) ?? ???????
?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? (? ? ?)
?? ??????? ??? ??????

37
Determine the distance between two points ?????
??????? ??? ??????
To determine the distance between the two points
to the nearest 10meters - look at the
extension scale. The extension scale, always
read right to left. From the zero left to the
end of the first shaded square is 100
meters. From the beginning of the center
square to the left is 100 to 200 meters at the
beginning of the second shaded square is
200 to 300 meters. - Remember, the
distance in the extension scale increases
from right to left. ?????? ??????? ??? ??????
????? 10 ? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? . ?????
????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? (
??????) ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? 100 ? . ???
????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? 100 ??? 200 ? .
??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? 200 ???
300 ? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??
?????? ??? ?????? ?????? .
38
Other Methods on Determine The Distance??? ????
?????? ???????

Pace Count
Estimation
100-meter Unit-of-Measure
Flash-to-bang Method sound travels 330m/sec

?? ???????
???????
?? 100 ? ?? ??????
?? ????? ????? ? ??????
????? ????? ????? 330 ? /?????

39
Pace Count?? ???????

A pace is equal to one natural step, about 30
inches long. To accurately use the pace count
method, you must know how many paces it takes you
to walk 100 meters. Keep track of the distance
traveled by the use of a pebble, or tying a knot
in a string. Do not try to remember the count.
?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? 30
??? .??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? . ??? ?? ???? ??
?? ??????? ?????? ???? 100 ?
. ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? . ?? ?????
?? ??????? . ?? ????? ?? ????? ????

40
What affects a Pace Count?

Slopes. Keeping in mind, if it normally takes you
approximately 120 steps to walk 100 meters, your
pace count may increase to approximately 130 or
more when walking on a slope.
Winds Head wind shortens the pace and a tail
wind increases it.
Surfaces Sand, gravel, mud, snow, and similar
surface materials tend to shorten the pace.
Elements falling snow, rain, or ice cause the
pace to be reduced in length.
Clothing Excess clothing and boots with poor
traction affect the pace length.
Visibility poor visibility, such as fog, rain,
or darkness, will shorten your pace.

41
???? ???? ??? ?? ???????

???????? ?????? ?? ????? . ??? ??? ???? ????
??????? ??? ?????? 120 ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???
?????? ???? ?????? ?????? 130 ????????? ???? ??
???????
?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??
??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????
????? ?????? ,????? ,????? ?????? , ???? ??????
???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????
??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????????
??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????
??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????
??? ????? ?? ???????
?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? , ??? , ????
???? ???? ?? ???????

42
Distance estimation Techniques?????? ?????
???????

100-meter Unit-of measure method
Flash-to-bang Method
100 ? ?? ??????
????? ????? ? ??????

43
100-meter Unit-of measure method????? ???? ????
100 ?

To use this method, the soldier must be able to
visualize a distance of 100 meters on the ground.
For ranges up to 500 meters, the soldier
determines the number of 100-meter increments
between the two objects. Beyond 500 meters, the
soldier must select a half way point to an
object, and determine the number of 100 meters
increments to the halfway point, then double it
to find the range to the object.
?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????
??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? 100 ? ?? ??? ?????? ???
500 ? , ?????? ?????? ????? ?? 100 ? ???????? ???
????? . ??? ?? 500 ? , ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????
??? ??????? ??? ????? , ??????? ?? 100 ? ??? ???
??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????
??????? ???????? ?????

44
Flash-to-bang Method????? ????? ? ??????

To use this method to determine range to an
explosions or enemy fire, begin to count when you
see the flash. Count the seconds until you hear
the weapon fire. This time interval may be
measure with a stopwatch or by using a steady
count, such as one-thousand-one,
one-thousand-two, and so forth, for a
three-second estimated count. Multiply the number
of seconds by 330 meters to get the approximate
range.
?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????
????? , ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????
??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? , ???? ????? ?? ????
??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ????
????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???
???? ????? ,?????? ???? ????? . ???? ?????
??????? ?? 330 ? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????

45
Colors use in a Military map

BLACK-Cultural man-made objects such as buildings
and roads
BLUE- Hydrography water features such as lakes,
streams, rivers and swamps
GREEN- Vegetation with military significance,
such as woods orchards and vineyards
RED- Classifies cultural features, such as
populated areas, main roads, and boundaries on
older maps
Other colors can be used to show special
information and are listed in the marginal
information

46
????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????

?????? ?? ????? ??? ? ???? ?????? ??? ?????
?????????
?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????
?????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????
???????
?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? . ??? ????? ??? ????
???? ????? .??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????
???????
??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????
??????? ???? ?????? ???????

47
Direction???????

Methods of expressing Directions
Baselines
Azimuths
Protractor
Declination Diagram
Intersection
Resection
??? ?? ?????? ?????????
???? ???????
???????
???????
?????? ????? ????????
???? ???????
????? ??????? ????? ??????

48
Method of Expressing Direction

Degree Is the most common unit of measure. It is
represented by (0). 1 degree 600 minutes 1
minute 60 seconds
Mil It expresses the size of an angle formed
when a circle is divided into 6,400 angles with
the vertex of the angles at the center of the
circle. A circle equals 6400 mils divided by 360
degrees, or 17.78 mils per degree. To convert
degrees to mils, multiply degrees by 17.78.
Grad It is a metric unit of measure found on
some foreign maps. There are 400 grads in a
circle (a 90 Degrees right angle equals 100
grads). The grad is divided into 100 centesimal
minutes (centigrams) and the minute into 100
centesimal seconds (milligrams).

49
??? ?????? ???????

?????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? .
??? ???? ?? (0)
1 ???? 600 ????? , 1 ????? 60 ?????
?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? 6,400
????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????
??????? . ??????? ????? ??? 6400 ?? ????? ???
360 ???? ?? 17.78 ?? ?????? . ?????? ??????? ???
?? ???? ??????? ?? 17.78
????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????
. ????? 400 ????? ?? ??????? ( 90 ???? ????? 100
?????) 1 ????? ???? ??? 100 ????? ????? ???
(??????????) ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???
(?????????)

50
Base lines ???? ???????

The Baseline is the starting point or zero
measure
Types of baselines
True A line from any point on the earths
surface to the north pole.
Magnetic North The direction to the north
magnetic pole, as indicated by the north-seeking
needle of a magnetic Instrument.
Grid North It is establish by using the vertical
grid lines on the map.
???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????
????? ???? ???????
??????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????
???????.
?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ,
??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???
??????
?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????
??? ?????? .

51
Azimuth ???? ???????

An Azimuth is defined as a horizontal line
measured clockwise from a north base line
Back AzimuthIt is the opposite direction of an
azimuth. It is comparable to an about face. To
obtain a back azimuth from an azimuth, add 180 if
the azimuth is 180 or less or subtract 180 if
the azimuth is 180 or more.
Magnetic AzimuthIt is determined by using
magnetic instruments, such as Lensatic compass.
??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????
?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????
???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????
??????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??
???? 180 ?? ???? 180 ?? ????? ????? ???????
??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????
????????? ??? ???????

52
Determine the grid azimuth????? ?????? ??
???????

Draw align connecting the two (MB245578MB342585)
Place the index of the protractor at the point
where the drawn line crosses a vertical grid line
Keep the index at this point, align the 0 degree
to 180 degree line of the protractor on the
vertical grid line.
Read the value of the angle from the scale this
is the grid azimuth from point A to B
???? ?? ???? ???????? (MB245578MB342585)
?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????
???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????
???? ?????? ?? ?????? , ???? 0 ???? ??? 180 ????
?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????
??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? . ??? ?? ????
?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ??? ?

53
Plot an Azimuth from Magnetic to grid????? ????
????? ??????? ?? ??????????? (?????)

Convert the Azimuth from the magnetic to grid if
necessary.
Place the Protractor on the map with the index
mark at the center of mass of the know point and
the base line parallel to a north-south grid
line.
Make a mark on the map at the desire azimuth.
Remove the Protractor and draw a line connecting
the known point and the mark on the map.
????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????????
??? ??? ??????
?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????
?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????
??? ?? ???? ????
?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????
??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????
???????? ??? ???????

54
Declination Diagram ?????? ????? ????????

It is the angular difference between any two
north. It shows the angular relationships,
represented by prongs, among grid, magnetic, and
true north.
In most of the larger maps a Declination Diagram
is a part of the information in the lower margin.
??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? . ??? ???? ?????
??????? ,????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????
??????? ??????????
?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ???
?? ????????? ?? ???? ??????

55
Intersection ???? ???????

It is the location of an unknown point by
successively occupying at least two (preferably
three) known positions on the ground and then map
sighting on the unknown location.
??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????
?????? ??? ????? (????? ???? ) ?????? ??? ?????
?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????

56
Resection????? ??????? ????? ??????

It is the Method of locating ones position on a
map by determine the grid azimuth to at least two
well-defined that can be pinpointed on the map.
??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????
????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????
???????? ???? ??? ???????

57
Topographic Symbols ?????? ?????????
?????
?????
??????
????????
?????? ??????
???? ?? ????
???????
?????? ??????? ????????
??? ??????
??? ????
??? ????????
?????
58
Contour Lines ?????? ?????????
??????
???????
??????? ?? ????????
59
Determine Elevation ????? ????????

1. Check contour interval
2. Find given elevation
3. Determine direction of slope
Count contour intervals.
1 ?? ???? ?????? ?????????
2?? ???? ???????? ??????
3?? ??? ????? ????????
4?? ???? ?????? ?????????

60
Ridgeline ?? ????? ??????
?? ???? ????
?? ???? ????
61
Hill ???
???
62
Saddle ?????
?????
63
Valley ??????
????
64
Ridge ???? ????
???? ????
???? ????
65
Depression ?????
?????
66
Draw ??????
67
Spur ??????????
????????
????????
68
Cliff ????? ????
?????
69
Cliff ?????
???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????
70
Cut and Fill ????? ? ???????
???
???
?????
?????
71
Terrain Features ?????? ?????
1 .?? 3.???? ???? 5. ????? 7
.?????? 9. ??? 2. ???? 4. ????? 6.
???? 8.????? 10.?????
72
Point Terrain Features ???? ??????? ?????

.............
.............
3. .............
4. .............

1 ?? ...... 2?? ....... 3?? ...... 4 ?? ....
73
1000 Meter Grid Square
74
100 Meter Reading (PE)
Determine the identity of each of the
following 1. Name of the cemetery in
grid square__________ __________ 2. Name
of the church in grid square__________ ____
______ 3. Name of the lake in grid
square__________ __________ 4. Name of the
cemetery in grid square__________ ________
__ 5. Elevation at the bench mark in grid
square___________ __________
75
????? 100 ??? (????? ????)

??? ???? ?? ??? ????
1. ??? ???????
?? ???????? ____________
_____________
2. ??? ???????
?? ???????? ____________
_____________
3. ??? ???????
?? ???????? ____________
_____________
4.??? ???????
?? ???????? ____________
____________
5.?????? ???????
?? ????????____________
____________

76
Military Coordinate Scale and Protractor ?????
?????????? ??????? ????????
77
Placement of Coordinate Scale on a Grid ????
????? ?????????? ?? ????????
78
100 Meter Reading (PE) Grid Coordinates ?????
100 ??? ???????? ??????? ( ????? ???? )

Determine the (6) Digit Coordinates of each of
the Following
1. Object_________ Coordinates_________
2. Object_________ Coordinates_________
3. Object_________ Coordinates_________
4. Object_________ Coordinates_________
Object_________ Coordinates_________
??? ?? (6) ????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???
1. ????? ____________
?????????? ___________
2.????? _____________
?????????? ___________
3.????? _____________
??????????____________
4.?????_____________
??????????____________
5. ????? _____________
?????????? ____________

79
100 Meter Reading (PE) Grid Coordinates(?????
???? ) ????? 100 ? ??????? ?????????
Identify the following object at each of the
following 1. Coordinates_________ Object_______
___ 2. Coordinates_________ Object__________ 3.
Coordinates_________ Object__________ 4.
Coordinates_________ Object__________ 5.
Coordinates_________ Object__________ ???
??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? 1 ??????????
_________________ ?????
______________ 2 ?????????? _______________
????? _____________ 3 ??????????
_______________ ????? ______________ 4
?????????? _______________ ?????
______________ 5 ?????????? _______________
????? ______________
80
Graphic Scale ????? ?????
Statute Miles ??????? ??????????
Kilometers ???? ???
Nautical Miles ??????? ???????
81
Straight Line Distance ????? ???? ????????
82
Straight Line Distance (PE) ????? ???? ( ?????
???? ???????? )
?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? 100 ??? ?? ??????
1. ?? ??__________ ?? ???????? _________???
??________?? ???????? ____________?? _________
??? 2. ?? ?? __________ ?? ???????? ________???
?? ________?? ???????? ___________?? ___________
???
83
Curved Line Distance ????? ???? ???????
84
Curved Line Distance (PE) ????? ???? ??????? (
????? ???? )
Measure the road distance in the following 1.
From the intersection in grid square_______ to
the intersection in grid square______is_____ kilom
eters. 2. From the intersection in grid
square_______ to the intersection in grid
square______is_____ kilometers.
?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? 1. ?? ???? ??????? ??
???????? __________ ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????????
_____?? ________ ?? 2. ?? ???? ??????? ??
????????___________??? ???? ??????? ?? ????????
_____?? ________ ??
85
????? ???????

?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???????
?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????
?????
?? ????? ??????? ??????
?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????
?? ????? ??????? ??????
?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??
?? ????
?? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ( ???? ????? )
?? ????? ???????
?? ????? ???????
?? ?? ?? ???????? 4??????? ???????
(???? 1 ?? )
?? ?? ?? ?????????? 6 ????? ?????
(???? 100 ?? )
?? ?? ?? ?????????? 8 ????? ????? (
???? 10 ?? )
?? ?? ?? ??????? ( ???? ?? ??? ???????
)
?? ?? ?? ????? ???????
?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???????
?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????
?????????? ( ????? ??? )

86
MAP Reading

Practical Exercise (Create Handout)
Break up into groups of 3 or 4
Provide a mission statement and allow the
students to find the different points on the map
and to identify the points on the map
Provide maps and protractors to the students to
share as a group
Once complete have a student of a group brief
their efforts to the class

87
????? ???????

?? ????? ???? ( ???? ????? )
?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? 3 ?? 4
?? ??? ???? ?????? ? ???? ??? ?????? ??????
?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??
???????
?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????
??? ???????
?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ????
???????? ??? ????

88
Points on Map to Find

MB 246714
MB 393584
MC 284004
MB 334866
MC 213034

89
???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????

MB 246714
MB 393584
MC 284004
MB 334866
MC 213034

90
Points on Map to Find

MB 246714 High Tension Power
MB 393584 Water Tank
MC 284004 Towers
MB 334866 Race Track
MC 213034 4 Lane Road

91
???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????

MB 246714 ???? ????? ??????
MB 393584 ???? ????
MC 284004 ?????
MB 334866 ????? ??????
MC 213034 ???? ???

92
Distance and Direction

Road Distance Between Points
MB 403656 (Cloverleaf) MB 357836 (Cloverleaf)
Direction Azimuth
From MB 420819 (Tower/Building 114) to MB 339907
(Transformer Substation)
What is the Back Azimuth?

93
??????? ????????

????? ?????? ??? ??????
?? ?????? ??? ??????? MB 403656(????? ??????)
??????? ??? ??? ???????
357836 (????? ??????)
???????
?? ?? MB420819 (????? ??????? 114) ??? ???
??????? 339907 (???? ??????? )
?? ??? ?? ??????? ???????

94
Distance and Direction

Road Distance Between Points
MB 403656 (Cloverleaf) MB 357836 (Cloverleaf)
19.5Km
Direction Azimuth
From MB 420819 (Tower/Building 114) to MB 339907
(Transformer Substation)
North West 316 Degrees
What is the Back Azimuth?
South East 136 Degrees

95
??????? ????????

????? ?????? ??? ??????
?? ?????? ??? ??????? MB 403656(????? ??????)
??????? ??? ??? ???????
357836 (????? ??????)
19.5 ???
??????? ????? ???????
?? ?? MB420819 (????? ??????? 114) ??? ???
??????? 339907 (???? ??????? )
316 ???? ???? ????
?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????
136 ???? ???? ????

96
Determine Intersection????? ???? ???????

Find the location and identify the facility from
the following points and azimuth
Tower MB 170621 AZ 119
Water Tank MB 231546 AZ 24
Heliport Hospital MB 280542 AZ 315
???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????
???????
??? ??????? MB
????? 170621 ????? ??????? 119
???? ?????? 231542 ???? ??????? 24
?????? ???? ???? ????????? 280542 ???? ???????
315

97
Determine Intersection ????? ???? ???????

Find the location and identify the facility from
the following points and azimuth
Tower MB 170621 AZ 119
Water Tank MB 231546 AZ 24
Heliport Hospital MB 280542 AZ 315
Answer Filtration Bed MB 244579

???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????
??????? ??? ??????? MB ?? ????? 170621
?????? ??????? 119 ?? ???? ?????? 231542 ?????
??????? 24 ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? 280542
????? ??????? 315 ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????
MB 244579
98
Military Decision Making Process(9 hrs)

Define the Problem
Develop the Alternatives
Determine the Courses of Action
Analyze / War Game the Courses of Action
Decide on the Best Course of Action
Execute the Course of Action and determine the
results of the Action

99
????? ??? ?????? ???????? 9 ????

?? ????? ???????
?? ????? ???????
?? ????? ??? ???????
?? ????? / ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??
?? ???? ??? ???????
?? ????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ?? ?? ???????
???????

100
Decision Making Process

What is this process and why will it help you
make a decision (The purpose is to produce the
best decision from a logical method)
7 step process to making a decision
Define Problem or Receipt of Mission
Mission Analysis
Develop Courses of Action (COA) Alternatives
War game the courses of Alternatives
Select the Best Course from Alternatives
Course of Alternative Approval
Order Production

101
????? ??? ??????

?? ?? ?? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????(
?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????
???? ?????? ?????)
?? ??????? 7 ?????? ??? ??????
?? ????? ??????? ??
??????? ??????
?? ????? ??????
?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? (
??????? )
?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????
?? ?????? ???? ???? ( ??? )
???????
?? ????? ??? ??? ???????
?? ????? ?????

102
Decision Making Process

Define the Problem (Use Low Tire CE)
What are ways to define the problem / mission
(Who, What, When, Where)
Understanding the Operation Order and its mission
Determine what is your units mission that you
need to complete
Determine when you must complete your mission
Determine where you must complete your mission

103
????? ??? ??????

?? ????? ??????? ( ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??
?????? )
?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????
/?????? ( ?? , ???? ,??? ???? )
?? ??? ???
???????? ???????
?? ????? ?? ?? ????
????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? .
?? ????? ??? ??? ??
???? ??????
?? ????? ??? ??? ??
???? ??????

104
Decision Making Process

Mission Analysis
Analyze Problem or Mission Statement (Use the
Movement OPORD as example)
Determine Essential tasks to be preformed
Identify critical facts assumptions
Review available assets
Determine constraints

105
????? ??? ??????

????? ??????
?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????
?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????
?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?
??????????
?? ?????? ???????? ???????
?? ????? ??????????

106
Decision Making Process

Develop Alternatives to solve the problem
Brainstorm the problem and List the possible
solutions to the problem
Set conditions that the alternatives must meet
to avoid having a lot of solutions Suitable,
Feasible, Acceptable, Distinguishable
Select the 3 best solutions based on personal
knowledge and experience

107
????? ??? ??????

?? ????? ??????? ??? ???????
?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ??
?????? ??????? ???? ???????
?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????
????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ( ?????
, ????? ,????? ?????)
?? ???? 3 ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????
?????? ???????

108
Decision Making Process

Develop the courses of Action
Assign a Lead person to develop the course of
action for that alternative
Take one Course of Action at a time and develop a
plan to use that alternative to solve the problem
Determine the resources needed by that Course of
Action to solve the problem
List Assumptions for each Course of Action
Determine the plan of action for that Course of
Action to solve the problem
Determine the time it will take for the Course of
Action to solve the problem
Select the war game method way to record the
results usually the Box Technique

109
????? ??? ??????

????? ??? ??? ???????
??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????
??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????
??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???
?? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????
???????
?? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ???????
?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???????
?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????
??? ??????
?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????
??????? ???????

110
Types of Techniques

Belt Divides the battlefield into areas running
the width of the Area of Operations. This is
used when the terrain is well defined during the
operation such as river crossings, Air Assault,
or Airborne Operations
Avenue-in-Depth focuses on one avenue of
approach at a time. Good for offensive or in the
defense when terrain inhibits mutual support
Box Detailed analysis of a critical area such as
an engagement area. Use most when time is
limited and it focuses on critical events

111
????? ?? ????????

?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????
?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????
??????? ??????? ( ???????? ????? ) ???? ???????
??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????
??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????
????? . ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????????
?? ????? ????????
??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? . ??????
????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????
??????

112
Decision Making Process

War Game the Alternatives
Why do we War Game the COA Alternatives
Determine if the Alternative can solve the
problem
Determine what are the issues that will allow or
not allow the alternative to solve the problem
Each alternative must have an opportunity to show
how it will solve the problem
One group will assist in the War Game process by
being the opposing forces and suggests ways to
delay the alternative from solving the problem
Perform the War Game Process

113
????? ??? ??????

??? ???? ????? ???????
?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????
?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????
?? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??
???? ?????? ?? ?? ???????
?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???
???????
?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????
?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????
?? ?? ???????
?? ???? ?? ???? ?????

114
Decision Making Process

There are many ways to solve a problem, the key
is to pick the best one
Develop a decision matrix to help objectively
determine the best alternative
What is a decision matrix and how can it help
(Show an example of a Decision Matrix)
How do you know which alternative is the best
What are the criteria to be on the decision
matrix
Mission needs
Resources available
Time requirements
Decide if Higher or lower number is Best

115
????? ??? ??????

?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? , ??????? ??????
?????
?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????
?????? ???? ????
?? ?? ?? ??????
?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ( ???? ?????? ?????)
?? ??? ???? ?? ????
?? ?? ???? ????
?? ?? ?? ????????
??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????
?? ???????? ??????
?? ???????
????????
?? ???????
?????
?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??

116
Decision Making ProcessDecision Matrix
Criteria Weight COA1 COA2 COA3 Maneuver
Simplicity Fires Intelligence Support Surviv
ability
Total
117
????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????
?????????
???????
??? ?????? 3
??? ?????? 1
??? ?????? 2
????????
???????
?????
???????????
?????
?????? ??????
???????
118
Decision Making ProcessFinal Steps

Course of Action Approval
Conduct a Decision Brief to the Commander and
decide on the recommended course of action
Commander identifies his Critical Concerns
Issue Orders based on Commanders approval of
course of action (The class will go into depth at
a later time)

119
????? ??? ???????????? ????????

????? ??? ??? ???????
?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???
??? ???????? ????? ??? ???????
?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????
??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???
??????? ( ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???)

120
Logistics (Supply Maintenance)

What is so important about Logistics
What is logistics (Use example of going on
Vacation and list what needs to be thought about)
List on the board all the items suggested by the
students.
Why is it so important
Who is in charge of Logistics
How does it affect the mission
What does it mean to the Signal Officer
What are the classes of supply 1-9
Class 1 Food
Class 2 Military Clothing Soldier Equipment
Class 3 Fuel and Oil
Class 4 Defense barrier Material
Class 5 Ammunition
Class 6 - Personal Items
Class 7 Major End Items (Trucks)
Class 8 Medical Supplies
Class 9 Spare Parts

121
????????? ( ??????? ???????? )

?? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????
?? ?? ?? ????????? ( ?????? ???? ??????
?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? )????? ??? ??????
???????? ?? ??? ??????
?? ????? ?? ???? ???
?? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????
?? ??? ???? ??? ??????
?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????
?? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? 1? 9
?? ??????? ????? ? ??????
?? ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? ? ?????
??????
?? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????
?? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ????????
?? ??????? ?????? ? ???????
?? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ???????
?? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ???????? ???????? (
???????? )
?? ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????
?? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????????