Editing Pedagogical Intentions for Document Reuse

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Editing Pedagogical Intentions for Document Reuse

• Saïd TAZI

Yahya AL-TAWKI
Khalil DRIRA
Thamr University SANAA Yemen
LAAS-CNRS Toulouse France
LAAS-CNRS Université Toulouse I
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Objectives

• How to help authors to make explicit their
  intentions?
• Demonstrate how writing intentions could be
  modeled in terms of speech act theory.
• Associate intention representation with Ontology
  to improve finding documents.
• Show how this knowledge could be considered in an
  authoring system SABRE.
• How these representations will help to reuse
  documents.

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Overview

• Theoretical aspects
• Writing Questions
• Acts and meta-acts
• Writing Intentions
• Ontology of pedagogical documents
• SABRE functionality

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Theoretical background

• Hypotheses
• Authors are aware of what they want to express,
  and of the effect they want to have on their
  readers
• They agree to make explicit their intentions

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Writing Questions

• Who is the addressee ?
• What does the author want to say by writing this?
  
• What does he want to achieve by writing that?
• Why does he want to do (or say) it?
• How does he formulate the statement?
• Why does he it in this way rather than in another
  one?

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Acts of writing

• An act is an action that could affect the reader
  or the document
• Two kinds of act of writing
• Domain acts and
• Meta-acts

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Domain acts

• Domain acts are verbs that explicit the effect
  the author wants to have on his readers
• Inform, Do, Explain, etc.
• Pedagogical acts are domain acts
• Explain, Illustrate, Develop Exercise,

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Pedagogical acts Examples
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Meta acts

• Meta-acts are acts about communication
• Writing Meta acts are verbs that express what we
  do while writing (acts that concern writing)
• To Bold, Underline, to Divide, to Columns, etc.

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Model of Intention

• Intention(Agent1, Agent2, Action, Goal, Means,
  Reason)
• Agent1 is the author of the action. He might be
  the writer, or a reader in the case of revision,
  or annotation
• Agent2 is the agent for who the action is
  intended, generally it is the reader
• Action is an act which expresses what the author
  of the intention wants to carry out
• Goal is an act which expresses what the author
  wants to do by performing the action
• Means is an act which expresses the type of
  action achieved on the text it is a meta act 
• Reason is an act which expresses why the author
  carries out the action.

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Intentional Structures
Argument Demonstrate Introduce Explain Illustrate
Acknowledge Quote Refer_to Enumerate List Title Un
derline
Introduce
Define
Explain
Argument
Insist
Conclude
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Example of intention

• Intention( Writer, Reader,
• To_Cite( Writer, Author, Citation-text),
• To_Document(Writer,Writer-text, Citation-Text),
• To_Quote(Writer, Citation-text),
• Convince(Writer, Reader, Writer-text))

Agent1, Agent2 Action Goal Means Reason
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Architecture of SABRE
Referential
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Example of a described fragment in SABRE
Meta data

• lt?xml version"1.0" ?gt
• ltformateur_de_URFISTgt
• ltMetaDonnees gt
• ltAuteur gt Olivier Ertzscheidlt/Auteur gt
• ltDate gt1/09/2001lt/Date gt
• lt/MetaDonnees gt
• ltIntention objectifs_pedagogiques"Acquisation de
  techniques informatiques"
• lien_semantique"necessite la consultaion de"
  action"definir"
• concept"Technique d'analyse"
  concept_lie"connaissance de production
  scientifique"
• categorie_de_cours"Aspects theoriques de la
  recherche d'info"
• but"expliquer" ID"0" raison"veiller"gt
• . Bibliometrie
• -L'organisation des secteurs scientifiques,
  techniques ou technologiques
• lt/Intentiongt
• lt/formateur_de_URFISTgt

Content
Intention description
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Implementation issues

• By responding to the Writing questions, authors
  must be aware about what they are doing
• Consider new commands that let the user explicits
  his intentions while writing,
• The system adds xml tags that allow the storage
  and the processing of intentional structures.
• The system is implemented, in Java, in the domain
  of authoring Information Retrieval course support.

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Domain OntologyIR pedagogy

• Information Research
• Tools Types
• Medium
• Paper
• Cd-Rom
• Internet
• Functioning
• Information access
• Sequential
• Hierarchical

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Main interface of SABRE
Browsing Intentions
Contents
XML Tagged content
Semi automatic creation and annotation
Documents are imported or created locally
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Creation of the intentional structures
Contents
Descriptors
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Editing intentional structures
One can edit Actions Goal Concept, and Means
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A search request
Search for documents in which the goal is
Expliquer The Concept is Technique
dAnalyse The action is Definir
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Research result
We can navigate between found documents And
refine the research by concept links
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Conclusion

• Authoring systems have to be domain oriented
  (waiting for combined ontologies)
• Indexing methods can be complemented by
  description of intentions
• The success of such systems depends on the
  willing of authors to describe and edit their
  intentions
• ?