Justice in the city and Justice in the individual

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Justice in the city and Justice in the individual
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• Justice in the city each part of the city
  performing the function it is naturally suited
  for.
• Guardians ruling, Auxiliaries aiding the rulers,
  the producers obeying the rulers.
• The other virtues of the city, wisdom, courage,
  and moderation follow directly from justice.

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What of justice in the individual?

• Its the same thing A just individual is a
  person who has a soul organized according to the
  principle of specialization each part of the
  soul performing the function it is naturally
  suited to perform
• But for this to be true the soul must have three
  parts, just as the city has.

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The argument for the tripartite soul

• No one thing can have opposite characteristics.
• If one thing seems to have opposite
  characteristics this is because it has different
  parts
• Example Socrates is moving and not moving. This
  is only possible if one part is moving and
  another is not moving (his arms might be moving,
  and his legs not moving)

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• If the soul has opposite characteristics, then it
  can be shown that the soul has parts.
• Socrates claims the soul does sometimes have
  opposite characteristics (at the same time)
  therefore the soul is divided into parts.
• What are the opposite characteristics?

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The soul has opposite desires

• I desire ice cream and desire not to eat ice
  cream.
• This example shows that there are at least two
  parts of the soul . The part that wants ice cream
  (appetite) and the part that desires not to eat
  ice cream (reason)
• But what of the third part of the soul, spirit?

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Leontius and the dead bodies

• Leontious was walking along one day and saw some
  dead bodies and was overcome with a strong desire
  to look at them. He gave into his desire and at
  the same time felt anger at himself.
• This shows that spirit, the seat of anger, is
  separate from appetite.
• But what of reason and spirit? What reason is
  there to think that these are distinct?

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• Animals and small children are highly spirited
  and are irrational
• Therefore spirit cannot be the same part of the
  soul as reason.