Discrimination

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Discrimination

• Ch 12

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TODAY

• DISCRIMINATION TRAINING
• STIMULUS CONTROL
• DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT AND
  DISCRIMINATION TRAINING PROCEDURES

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Reinforcement
After
Before
Behavior
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Differential Reinforcement of 2 Response Classes
Reinforcement
Behavior John hits ball with some skill
After John receive praise
Before John has no praise
Behavior John hits ball with no skill
After John receives no praise
Extinction
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OPEN
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NO OPEN SIGN
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OPEN
What happens when the open sign is present?
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Reinforcement
OPEN
After Door opens
Before No open door
Behavior Push on door
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Reinforcement
OPEN
After No open door
Before No open door
Behavior Push on door
What if the store is closed?
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Reinforcement-Based Discrimination
SD
OPEN SIGN
After
Behavior
Before
After
SD
NO OPEN SIGN
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Reinforcement-Based Discrimination
SD
After Open door
OPEN SIGN
Behavior Push on door
Before No open door
After No open door
SD
NO OPEN SIGN
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Reinforcement-Based Discrimination
SD
After Open door
OPEN SIGN
Behavior Push on door
Before No open door
After No open door
SD
CLOSED SIGN
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Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
OPEN SIGN

• A stimulus in the presence of which a particular
  response will be reinforced
• Examples Brelandless target, open sign, smile
  on a face

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SD
OPEN
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S-delta (SD)

• A stimulus in the presence of which a particular
  response will not be reinforced

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SD
Closed sign
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Reinforcement-Based Discrimination
SD Brelandlesss target
After Chicken has food
Behavior Chicken pulls the trigger
Before Chicken has no food
After Chicken has no food
SD Breland
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Reinforcement-Based Discrimination
SD Written word shoe
After Student has n 1 tokens
Behavior Student says shoe
Before Student has n tokens
SD NOT written word shoe
After Student has n tokens
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Reinforcement-Based Discrimination ?
After Child has cookie
SD ?
Behavior Child asks for cookie
Before Child has no cookie
After Child has no cookie
SD No ?
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Reinforcement-Based Discrimination
After Student has answer
SD
Behavior Student asks questions
Before Student has no answer
After Student has no answer
SD
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Discrimination Training Procedure

• Reinforcing a response in the presence of one
  stimulus and extinguishing it in the presence of
  another stimulus.

SD
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Discrimination Training Procedure

• Reinforcing a response in the presence of one
  stimulus and extinguishing it in the presence of
  another stimulus.

SD
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Discrimination Training Procedure

• Reinforcing a response in the presence of one
  stimulus and extinguishing it in the presence of
  another stimulus.

SD
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Discrimination Training Procedure

• Reinforcing a response in the presence of one
  stimulus and extinguishing it in the presence of
  another stimulus.

SD
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Discrimination Training Procedure

• Reinforcing a response in the presence of one
  stimulus and extinguishing it in the presence of
  another stimulus.

SD
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Stimulus discrimination(stimulus control)

• The occurrence of a response more frequently in
  the presence of one stimulus than in the presence
  of another, usually as a result of a
  discrimination training procedure

SD
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Discrimination training vs. Response
Differentiation (differential reinforcement
procedure)

• How are these different
• EXAMPLE lever pressing by a water deprived mouse

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Differential Reinforcement vs. Stimulus
Discrimination
One Stimulus Two Stimuli
One Response Class No differentiation or discrimination Stimulus discrimination
Two Response Classes Response differentiation Combined differentiation discrimination
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No differential reinforcement and no stimulus
discrimination

• Does not matter if light is off or if force is
  weak, give water reinforcer for every lever press

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Reinforcement
After Rudolph has water
Before Rudolph has no water
Behavior Rudolph presses lever
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Differential Reinforcement vs. Stimulus
Discrimination
One Stimulus Two Stimuli
One Response Class No differentiation or discrimination Stimulus discrimination
Two Response Classes Response differentiation Combined differentiation discrimination
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Differential ReinforcementWhat matters?

• Only the force
• Light off does not matter
• If presses with 20g of force, the water
  reinforcer is delivered

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Differential Reinforcement of 2 Response Classes
Reinforcement
Behavior Rudolph used 20 grams of force
After Rudolph has water
Before Rudolph has no water
Behavior Rudolph uses lt 20g of force
After Rudolph has no water
Extinction
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Differential Reinforcement vs. Stimulus
Discrimination
One Stimulus Two Stimuli
One Response Class No differentiation or discrimination Stimulus discrimination
Two Response Classes Response differentiation Combined differentiation discrimination
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DiscriminationWhat matters?

• Only if light is on, even if force is weak, if
  presses lever, the water reinforcer is delivered

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Reinforcement-Based Discrimination
SD
After Rudolph has water
Before Rudolph has no water
Behavior Rudolph presses lever
After Rudolph has no water
SD
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Discriminated Reinforcement
SD
After
Before
Behavior M270 presses the lever
After
SD
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Discriminated Reinforcement
SD Light on
After Food
Before No food
Behavior M270 presses the lever
After No food
SD Light off
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Discriminated Reinforcement
SD Light on
After Food
Before No food
Behavior M270 presses the lever
After No food
Establishing Operation Food deprivation
SD Light off
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Discriminated Reinforcement
SD Mom smiling
After Cookie
Before No cookie
Behavior Joe asks for cookie
After No cookie
SD Mom frowning
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Discrimination and Verbal Behavior

• A discrimination training procedure can be used
  to establish correct verbal responses
• Correct color naming

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Verbal Behavior

• Tacts naming or labeling

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Tact Contingency
SD Red car
After
Before Child has no snack
Behavior Child says, this is a red car
After
SD Green car
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Verbal Behavior

• Mand a request that is reinforced by receiving
  what has been requested

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Incidental teaching

• A teacher requires that a student emit the proper
  form of a request before reinforcing that
  request, in the students regular environment.

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Mand Contingency
SD Red car
After
Before Child has no red car
Behavior Child asks, May I have the red car?
After
SD Green car
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Prompt

• A supplemental stimulus that raises the
  probability of a correct response.
• Types of prompts
• Verbal instructions
• Modeling
• Physical guidance

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Undiscriminated reinforcement contingencyVS.Di
scriminated reinforcement contingency
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Undiscriminated reinforcement contingency

• There is no sdee associated with the
  reinforcement contingency

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Discriminated reinforcement contingency

• The reinforcement contingency is in operation
  only when the sdee is present, not when the
  sdelta is present.
• If a response is never reinforced, that is plain
  old extinction.

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TESTS, pg 225

• Criteria for diagramming discriminated
  contingencies
• Sdelta contingency test
• Same before condition test
• Response test
• Extinction/recovery test
• Operandum test
• Different before condition test