Business English.School of Business Administration Pntificia Universidad Cat

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Verbs

• Verbs
• Verbs describe actions what has happened, what
  is happening, or what will or might happen or a
  condition
• Transitive verbs take an object
• Intransitive verbs do not take an object
• Verbs must always agree with their subjects

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Verbs

• Verbs, with the addition of auxiliary verbs,
  sometimes express
• Tense (do, did, will,)
• Mood
• Voice
• Verbs can be modified (described) by adverbs

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Verbs

• Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
• Verbs can be divided into two categories,
  transitive and intransitive.
• Transitive verbs are followed by direct objects.
• Intransitive verbs do not have a direct object.
• One requires and object and the other cannot take
  an object raise/rise.

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Verbs

• Transitive Verbs
• (Verbs which do not have an object)

Intransitive Verbs (Verbs which have an object)
increase rise go up decrease- decline go down -
drop fall
increase raise decrease reduce drop
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Verbs

• Transitive Verbs
• (Verbs which do not have an object)

Intransitive Verbs (Verbs which have an object)

1. The population of the world is increasing.
2. The prices of electric goods have fallen.

1. The government has increased income tax.
2. We have reduced our prices by 10

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Verbs

• Simple Present Tense
• Use the simple present tense to express facts,
  states of being, or actions that are occurring or
  that occur regularly.
• As more companies enter the market , competition
  increases.
• Our company raises salaries once every year.

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Verbs

• Simple Present Tense
• The simple present tense can also express future
  actions that are scheduled to occur.
• The spring term begins in January next year.
• The next flight to Tokyo leaves tomorrow al 600
  am.

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Verbs

• Simple Past Tense
• Use the simple past tense to express actions
  completed at a specific time in the past. To form
  the past tense add the ending ed to the base
  form of the regular verb.
• US and Chilean officials signed the first Free
  Trade Treaty between the United States and a
  South American country, on June 6, 2003.
• Goods trade between the United States and Chile
  in 2002 amounted to 6.4 billion dollars..

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Verbs

• Simple Future Tense
• Use the future tense to indicate action that will
  occur at some point after the present. You can
  express future tense by using a verb in the
  simple present with a future adverb, by using the
  auxiliary will, or by using the expression is
  going to or are going to.

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Verbs

• Simple Future Tense
• Once the agreement comes into effect, we shall
  develope a stronger trade relashionship with
  USA.
• The agreement with Chile will slash tax
  barrieres, protect investors, and ensure the
  competitiviness of American companies in the
  global market.

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Verbs

• Present Perfect Tense
• Actions which started in the past and are still
  continuing
• The present perfect is often used for an action
  which started at some time in the past, and are
  still continuing now. Often, the words for (with
  a length of time) and since (with a starting
  time) are used along with the present perfect.
• He has lived in Canada for five years.
• (He started living in Canada five years ago, and
  he's still living there now.)
• She has worked at the University since 1994.
• (She started working at the University in 1994,
  and she's still working there now.)

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Verbs

• Present Perfect Tense
• To form the present perfect, use the present
  tense form of the auxiliary have and the past
  participle of the main verb. The present perfect
  is commonly used with the following adverbs
• already, always, ever, just, lately, never,
  recently, since, still, and yet.

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Verbs

• Present Perfect Tense
• The issuing bank has released the documents of
  credit to the importer
• After six rounds of negotiations, our workers
  still havent gotten to a final agreement.

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Verbs

• Past Perfect Tense
• Use the past perfect tense to express states or
  actions that began and came to an end before a
  specified point in the past. To form the past
  perfect, use the past tense form of the auxiliary
  have and the past participle of the main verb.

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Verbs

• Past Perfect Tense
• The negotiators realized another meeting would be
  necessary, because they had not reached an
  agreement.
• When I left the office, the building was empty,
  because everyone had gone home.

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Verbs

• Future Perfect Tense
• Use the future perfect tense to express states or
  actions that will have come to an end before a
  specific point in the future. To form the future
  perfect, use the auxiliaries will have and the
  past participle of the main verb.

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Verbs

• Progressive Form
• Use the progressive form (sometimes called the
  continuous form) in conjunction with any verb
  (present, past, future, present perfect, past
  perfect, future perfect) to express an action
  that is ongoing with respect to a point in time
  or another action.
• To make the progressive form, use a form of the
  auxiliary verb be and the present participle of
  the main verb.

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Verbs

• Progressive Form
• The Internet is revolutionizing the way we
  communicate.
• Among the younger generation, letter writing was
  disappearing even before the Internet.
• Letter writing will be disappearing even more
  rapidly in the next ten years.

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Verbs

• Progressive Form
• Do not use the progressive form with states of
  facts use the simple present tense or simple
  past tense instead.
• Some verbs that commonly describe such states are
  appear, appreciate, be, believe, belong, care,
  compromise, consider, contain, cost, desire,
  dislike, doubt, fear, forget, have, hear, love,
  look, resemble, think, want.