Question%20Answering%20with%20deep%20reasoning

1
Question Answering with deep reasoning

• Chitta Baral, Arizona State U.
• Michael Gelfond, Texas Tech U.
• Richard Scherl, Monmouth Univ.

2
Text repository
Processed Text
Domain Knowledge Module N
Domain Knowledge Module 1
Question
Reasoning Module k
Reasoning Module 1
Answer, possibly with explanation
3
Core efforts KR

• Domain Knowledge Modules
• Travel Module -- various
• Intentions
  1045-1115 AAAI05
• Generalization a theory of activities
  215 245
• Support structure
• Fundamental extension of AnsProlog
• Consistency restoring (CR-Prolog) -- Sep 04 ASU
  
• Probabilistic reasoning (P-log) -- Tampa
• Modules
• AnsProlog Modules -- Feb 05 ASU
• KR Modules (AnsProlog Prolog CLP)
  1115-1145
• Interfaces and methodologies
• AnsProlog GUI -- Feb 05 ASU
• Knowledge Modeling Language -- Feb 05 ASU
• Further development of action languages ongoing
  AAAI05
• (continuous actions, triggers, event
  ordering, etc.)

4
Core efforts Reasoning

• Reasoning Modules
• Prediction, planning, explanation -- Baltimore
• Detecting lies -- TTU thesis
• Trying your best --
  Feb05 ASU
• Counterfactuals --
  ongoing
• Reasoning with incomplete information
  1115-1145
• 
  AAAI05
• Explanation generation modules
• Explaining an answer set -- ongoing

5
Bridge-building efforts towards an integrated
system

• Logical Form to extracted facts
  930-1030
• English to Link grammar output to extracted facts
  145-215
• Solving Puzzles in English (Bob Leamans class
  project)
• An end-to-end system with travel module
• 
  (Matt Hunsakers class project)
• Collaborative Curation -- Feb 05 ASU
• AQUAINT web site

6
Todays Schedule 5/11/05

• 900 - 920 Overview (Chitta)
• 930 - 1030 From Logic Forms to ASP query
  answering (Marcello)
• 1045 - 1115 Reasoning about intentions
  (Michael)
• 1115 - 1145 New reasoning methods (combining
  ASP and CSP, approximation algorithm for
  reasoning with incomplete information)
• (Michael Ricardo)
• 1200 - 130 Lunch
• 145 - 215 Link grammar based effort at ASU
  (Luis)
• 215 245 From travel modules to a theory
  of activity -- initial
  thoughts (Chitta)

7
Theory of Activity A trip

• A trip has many participants.
• People can join and leave the trip.
• There is a start and an end of a trip.
• A trip may be interrupted resulting in the trip
  being paused or canceled.
• A paused trip might be canceled or continued.
• A trip has a schedule which is often a sequence
  of actions intended to be performed at particular
  times.
• Usually the schedule is followed, and most often
  if a particular item in the schedule is not
  possible then it is delayed until it becomes
  possible.
• Some time particular items in the schedule may be
  canceled.

8
Example Qs with respect to trips

• Who are part of a trip at a particular time?
• What is the status of a trip at a particular
  time?
• What are the value of fluents at a particular
  time?
• What actions of the trip happened at what time?

9
Activities

• Other examples
• insurrections, terrorism, games, elections,
  concerts, money-laundering, smuggling, strikes,
  tournaments, demonstrations, wars, etc.
• Activities in the virtual world include
  work-flows.
• In most of these activities the actions that are
  intended to happen are not necessarily scheduled
  as a sequence.

10
QA with respect to an activity narrative

• Who are the participants of an activity at a
  particular time?
• What is the value of a fluent at a particular
  time?
• What is the status of an activity at a particular
  time?
• Based on what we know what is a viable schedule
  of an activity?
• What is the most likely schedule?
• When did a particular action (part of the
  activity) happen?
• Give the interval when a particular action is
  likely to happen?
• How to prevent things from going wrong?
• How to disrupt an activity?

11
Knowledge Modeling objects and properties

• Trip
• basic static attributes
• name a string of characters
• stops an ordered list of locations
• can be represented as a set of pairs
• (0, locn_0), (1, locn_1) ..., (n,
  locn_n)
• note locations may be repeated in
  the list
• for trips that include multiple
  visit
• to the same location
• derived static attributes
• origin location
• destination location
• intermediate_stops set of locations
• number_of_planned_stops integer

12
Objects and properties -- Cont.

• basic fluent attributes
• position location union en_route
• encodes current location
• last_planned_stop_number integer
• participants set of persons
• derived fluent attributes
• next_planned_stop location
• directly_associated actions depart,
  stop, embark, disembark
• directly_associated actions embark, disembark
• Person
• basic static attributes
• name a string of characters
• position location
• Location
• basic static attributes
• name a string of characters

13
Actions

• name a string of characters
• parameters set of property classes
• executability conditions fluent formulas
• conditional effects list of pairs (phi, f) where
  phi is a fluent formula, and f is a fluent
  literal
• actor
• triggers list of pairs (phi, a) where phi is a
  fluent formula, and a is an action
• depart is_an action
• name depart
• parameter trip
• executability conditions trip.position \neq
  enroute,
  trip.number_of_planned_stops lt trip.last_planned_s
  top_number
• conditional effects (T, trip.position
  en_route)

14
Actions (cont.)

• stop is_an action
• name stop
• parameter trip.location
• executability condition trip.position enroute
• conditional effects (T, trip.position
  trip.location)
• embark is_an action
• name embark
• parameter trip, person
• actor person
• executability condition trip.participant
  does_not_include person, trip.position
  person.position, trip.position \neq en_route
• conditional effects (T, trip.participant
  includes person)
• disembark is_an action
• name disembark
• parameter trip, person
• actor person
• executability condition trip.participant
  includes person, trip.position \neq en_route
• conditional effects (T, trip.participant
  does_not_include person)

15
Compound actions and constraints

• go_on is_a compound_action
• name go_on
• component actions embark, disembark
• CONSTRAINTS
• connect various properties.
• for example The position of a trip and a
  participant of that trip are always the same.