Connectivity the Internet and access

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Connectivity the Internet and access

• LS39A Access to Information in the Caribbean
• October 26, 2005

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The Internet is based on Connectivity

• The Internet, or simply the Net, is the
  publicly accessible worldwide system of
  interconnected computer networks that transmit
  data by packet switching using a standardized
  Internet Protocol (IP) and many other protocols.
• thousands of smaller commercial, academic,
  domestic and government networks.
• various information and services, such as
  electronic mail, online chat, and the interlinked
  web pages and other documents of the World Wide
  Web.

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Connectivity

• connecting devices to each other in order to
  transfer data back and forth.
• refers to network connections, which embrace
  bridges, routers, switches and gateways as well
  as backbone networks.
• refers to connecting a home or office to the
  Internet or connecting a digital device to a
  computer or printer. Ziff Davis Internet
  Encyclopedia

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Internet Connectivity

• What does connectivity mean?
• Requirements
• Levels of connectivity -
• LANS, WANS etc
• Connections
• Internet usage
• Internet usage in the Caribbean

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Internet host

• An Internet host is defined as a computer that is
  connected to the.
• At the start of 1999, 206 of the world's 246
  countries and territories were on the Internet
  represented by an estimated 50 million hosts, 700
  million web pages, and 140 million users. In mid
  1998 an estimated 1 PetaByte (1 quadrillion, 10
  15 bytes) per week was sent over the
  Internet. 
• The then MCI Internet Backbone, now Cable
  Wireless Backbone, alone was carrying 200
  TByte/week in mid-1998   (from Vinton G. Cerf,
  Sr. Vice President, Internet Architecture and
  Technology, MCI WorldCom). The number of bytes
  sent per week over the Internet is currently
  doubling about every six to twelve months.
  Internet Society

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Internet connectivity

• Definitions
• Having the hardware, software, and
  telecommunications to enable connection to the
  Internet

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Connection options

• Modem, dialup
• Updated by Carson Block Rose Nelson on July 20,
  2004
• Connectivity options for dedicated circuitsthat
  is, an Internet connection that is on all of
  the time.
• T-1   
• A full T-1 Circuit has the capability of
  transferring data at a speed of 1.54 MB/second. 
  In the old days (before bandwidth-intensive
  things such as streaming video), a rule of thumb
  was that a single T-1 line could serve 100 users.
  
• A frame relay T-1 is generally the most
  affordable version of the circuit.   
• When the speed of a T-1 is less than 1.54 MB/sec,
  it is called a fractional T-1.   A 56k line is
  the smallest fractional T-1 available. Cable  
• Cable companies, offer high-speed data services
  over their cable networks. 
• Satellite   Using a personal-sized satellite
  dish, companies such as Direct TV offer download
  speeds at about 400k/sec. 
• XDSL   family Where available, DSL service can
  be a strong price/performance option for
  libraries. 

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Digital Divide

• http//www.bridges.org/spanning/index.html
• Spanning the digital divide understanding and
  tackling the issues May 2001

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CONNECTIVITY

• On the Internet no body knows if you are a dog
• Connectivity facilitates interaction among
  people, groups and institutions
• It has enabled the development of a social,
  economic and political infrastructure which has
  provided the basis for new developments in
  business, government, education, etc

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• The Internet as the most dramatic development of
  the century has reduced distance
• Permits interaction among groups with similar
  interests and concerns
• Exchange of information
• Learning
• Information for decision making
• Trading
• Entertainment
• Connecting people and institutions

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Cables
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Be advised that campus Internet Service is being
degraded due to damage inflicted on the Cable
Wireless Maya 1 submarine cable system in the
Cancun area by Hurricane Wilma. Cable Wireless
has further advised that it has commenced
rerouting of its Internet traffic to alternate
facilities but a short term service gap should be
expected.
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Caribbean undersea cables

• International Cable Protection Committee
• http//www.iscpc.org/cabledb/caribbean.htm

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MAYA-1 Undersea Cable

• MAYA-1 (Updated 29 October 2002, ATT)
• In-Service October 2000Hollywood, Florida, USA
  -- Cancun, Mexico -- Puerto Cortes, Honduras --
  Half-Moon Bay, Grand Cayman -- Puerto Limon,
  Costa Rica -- Maria Chiquita, Panama -- Tolu,
  Columbia - 4,323 KM at 8 x 2.5Gb/s
  SDHMaintenance Authorities ATT, TELMEX,
  HONDUTEL

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Liberalization

• Jamaica Telecommunications Act 2000
• Trinidad and Tobago
• Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)

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Towards Universal Access

• to the extent technically feasible and in
  so far as the necessary resources are available,
  to promote Internet access throughout the Island
  in schools, public libraries and post offices
• Jamaica Telecommunications Act No.1 of 2000
• http//www.moj.gov.jm/?qlaw/view/516

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Regulation

• OUR Office of Utility Regulation (Jamaica)
• ECTEL Eastern Caribbean Telecommunications
  Authority
• Trinidad and Tobago

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Universal service

• Where the universal service obligation is
  determined the Office shall, on the request of
  the Minister and subject to subsection (9, make
• recommendations as to the nature of the
  obligation to be imposed on the provider of such
  service.

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• Telecentres
• Cybercentres
• Cybercafes
• Internet cafes
• Community Access Points

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Telecentres are

• Public facilities which provide access to one or
  more types of telecommunications services.

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Community access centres

• Focus on the needs of the community can be
  expected to define required information services
  and products and to enable users to obtain
  relevant information.

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Jamaica Sustainable Development Network

• Telecentres have been established in
• Browns Town Parish Library
• Liguanea Cybercentre
• Montego Bay Marine Park
• Lionel Town

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Jamaica Library Service

• Public Libraries
• Branch Libraries

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Information and communication technologies
facilitate sharing of information linking
people and enhancing the development process.
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Increasingly information and communication
technologies are becoming important conduits
through which society accesses information.
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Computer literacy

• Has become a basic requirement for employment.

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Telecentres

• Have the potential to offer
• Public access to the Internet enabling those
  without computers and communications links to
  access and exchange information.
• Type of connections

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Connectivity and Community access
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Reference

• Ormes and McClure
• A Comparison of Public Library Internet
  Connectivity in The USA and UK
• http//www.ukoln.ac.uk/services/papers/ukoln/ormes
  -1997-01/

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Reference

• DeFreitas Donnie, Charles Kenny and Robert
  Schware
• Caribbean cooperation rise of the regional
  regulator. In The Journal of Policy, Regulation
  and Strategy for Telecommunications Information
  and Media Vol 3 No 3 June 2001.pp 189-193

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References

• Orms and Dempsey
• Library and Information Commission Public Library
  Internet Survey 1995
• http//www.ukoln.ac.uk/services/papers/ukoln/ormes
  -1995-01/

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References

• Durrant, Fay
• Project for the Establishment of two Community
  Telecentres in Jamaica Final Report prepared for
  the Jamaica National Commission for Unesco. 2002