Jatropha Plantation and Oil Extraction through Panchayati Raj

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Jatropha Plantation and Oil Extraction through
Panchayati Raj

• Dr. R. Mandal
• Adviser
• Planning Commission
• Government of India

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Jatropha Plantation and Oil Extraction through
Panchayati Raj

• Jatropha Curcas for Bio-diesel Why
• Jatropha Curcas Vs Pongammia Pinnata
• Expert Opinions on Jatropha Curcas
• Suitable lands for Jatropha plantations
• Support areas for Panchayats/ Farmers
• Models for Jatropha Plantation / Oil Expelling
• National Mission on Bio-diesel Demonstration
  Project
• Problem areas concerning Jatropha Plantation
• R D Issues
• Government initiatives

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Jatropha Curcas for Bio-Diesel - Why ?

• Oil yield per hectare is among the highest of
  tree borne oil seeds. Seed production ranges from
  about 0.4 tons per hectare per year to over 12 t
  /ha. There are reports of getting oil yield as
  high as 50 from the seed
• It can be grown in areas of low rainfall, on low
  fertility marginal, degraded, fallow, waste and
  other lands such as along the canals, roads
  railway tracks, on borders of farmers fields as
  a boundary fence/hedge in the arid/semi-arid
  areas and even on alkaline soils.
• Jatropha is easy to be established in nurseries,
  grows relatively quickly and is hardy.
• Jatropha seeds are easy to collect as they are
  ready to be plucked before the rainy season and
  as the plants are not very tall.
• Jatropha is not browsed by animals.
• Being rich in nitrogen, the seed cake is an
  excellent source of plant nutrients.

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Jatropha Curcas Vs. Pongammia Pinnata
Source NBRI, Lucknow
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Jatropha Curcas Experts opinions

• Jatropha is a hardy, perennial plant that can
  grow on eroded soils. Has much higher water use
  efficiency and can withstand extreme drought
• May need a bucket of water at planting time or
  planting may be done during or around rains.
  Requirement of water is only soil moisture and
  not flood irrigation as is often understood.
  Where irrigation is available, it will enhance
  flowering.
• Sites with high pH of 9 and above and sites that
  have rocks below or are mine spoiled, will
  require irrigation.
• No rain places have better fruiting than wet
  ones.
• There is no good correlation of oil content and
  irrigation or humidity. Oil content in Rajasthan
  found to be better than that of North East.
• Source NBRI, Lucknow / CSMCRI, Bhavnagar

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Suitable lands for Jatropha Cultivation

• Underutilized degraded forest land.
• Upland with/without scrub.
• Degraded land under plantation crops.
• Degraded pastures.
• Gullied or Ravinous Land.
• Shifting cultivation Area.

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Nursery of Jatropha in fly ash
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Jatropha plantation in Andhra Pradesh
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Farmers field plantation in Jodhpur, Rajasthan
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Nursery of Jatropha at Garhatand (Giridih),
Jharkhand
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Jatropha Curcas fruits
Matured fruits
Dried fruits
Fresh fruits
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Manual Decorticator for Jatropha Curcas Seeds
Capacity 20 kg per hr.
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Jatropha Decorticator designed by IIT, Delhi
Capacity 150 kg per hr.
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Support areas for Panchayats / Farmers

• Consistent availability of high yielding planting
  material
• Education and training on agro-techniques
• Buy-back arrangement with minimum assured price
• Safe contract farming agreement structure
• Institutional finance at lower rate of interest
• Setting-up of seed collection and oil expelling
  centres in the nearby locations so as to reduce
  transportation
• Rural Electrification Projects Joint Ventures
  involving Panchayats and Engine Manufacturers
  like Wartsila who can provide engines/power
  generators using SVOs as feedstock

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Plantation Oil Expelling Models
JFMCs or Van Panchayats(forests)/ PRIs (Panchayat
lands) / Farmers (Private lands)/ Corporate
Sector may sign MOUs with above (contract
farming) Tripartite agreements involving Banks
also possible
Farming
Seed Collection
Seed Storage
Forest Dev. Corporations/ Panchayati Raj
Institutions/ State Coop. Mktg.
Federations/ Private entrepreneurs
(Solvent Extraction Units) Trans-esterification
units may sign Oil purcase agreements with above

Oil Expeller Unit
Oil Storage
D1 Oils has recently signed MOUs with Panchayats
of Faridabad and Mewat Districts in Haryana
assuring agronomic inputs and buy-back of seeds
Trans-esterification Unit
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Oil Extraction Options
OIL SEEDS
STORAGE CLEANING
GRINDING/ROLLING
HEATING
EXPELLING/PRESSING/ EXTRACTION
REFINING
REMOVAL OF CLOUDINESS
REMOVAL OF COLOR
REMOVAL OF FREE FATTY ACID
CRUDE VEGETABLE OIL
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Cash Flow for Bio Diesel
Cash Flow For Oil cake
Cash Flow for Oilseeds
Cash Flow for Oil
Cash Flow along the value chain
Cash Flow for Glycerol
From Local consumption
Seed Collection Centre / Panchayat
FARM
Expeller Unit
Transesterification Unit
Oil Depot
To Glycerol Wholesalers
To User Industries (Pharma, Soap Making, Wax
making etc)
To Final Customer
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National Mission on Bio-Diesel

• Plantation Jatropha Curcas
• Nodal Ministry Ministry of Rural Development
• Demonstration Project (Phase I) Period 3-6
  years
• Area coverage 4 lakh hectares covering forest
  and non-forest lands under Demonstration Project
  in various states across the country.
• For forests, plantation through JFM Forest
  Department
• For non-forest plantation, Nodal Agency being
  NOVOD Board.
• Land identification to be based on criteria of
  availability of wastelands, cluster plantation,
  panchayats support levels, irrigation potential
  and agro-climatic conditions suitable for
  Jatropha.

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Area Coverage Vs. Blending Requirements
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Components of National Mission

• Establish corresponding infrastructure
  consisting of
• Nurseries Development
• Plantation on forest non-forest lands
• Seed Collection Oil Extraction Centres
• Transesterification Units
• Blending and Marketing Arrangements
• RD studies to fill gaps in knowledge
• Expand the programme to cover upto 11 million
  Hectare in Phase II during the 11th Plan

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Agencies Involved

• Planning Commission for over all coordination and
  monitoring
• Ministries/Departments/Institutions
• MORD as nodal ministry responsible for
  implementation of overall programme
• MOEF ,NOVOD Board and Ministry of Panchayati Raj
  as Coordinators of the Plantation Component
• DBT for Research Related to Plantation Component
• MOPNG for facilitating buy back arrangements of
  bio-diesel
• Min. of Small Scale and Village Industries for
  supporting Seed Collection and Oil Extraction
  Centres
• Non Conventional Energy Sources, IIP, IICT, IITs,
  CPCB etc. as RD Centres for studies to fill the
  relevant knowledge gaps

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Financing Mechanism
External funding possible through Clean
Development Mechanism (CDM)
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Employment Generation Income Potential

• Employment generation _at_ 311 mandays/ hectare in
  Jatropha plantation sector i.e. employment
  potential for 1 person per hectare for 1year.
• Employment opportunities for 2.2 million over
  next 4-5 years when area coverage extends to 2.2
  million ha to achieve 5 blend.
• Employment opportunities to rise to 11 million
  by XI plan when area coverage extends to 11
  million ha to achieve 20 blend.
• Income potential of Rs 15000/ha for farmers from
  4th year onwards on investment of Rs 30000/ha
  (without land cost) assuming 2500 plants/ha, seed
  yield _at_ 2Kg/plant and sale of seeds _at_ Rs 5/Kg

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Problems Land Identification in State /
Districts

• Forest lands, Panchayat lands, Private Lands
• Lands should preferably be in contiguos districts
• Land Identification may be done by a Committee
  under the chairmanship of District Magistrate
  with DFO (Member Secy.), Project Director-DRDA,
  Representative of Panchayats, Agriculture Deptt.
  and Cultivators as members.
• Rainfall in the area should preferably be 600 MM
  above. Otherwise minor irrigation arrangements
  to be made.

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Problems Selection and Multiplication of
Jatropha Germplasm

• Presently available germplasm collections of
  Jatropha are randomly selected and plantations
  are being raised from seeds. Need to develop and
  identify germplasm having potential of high seed
  production and high oil content.
• Screening and documentation of Germplasm to be
  followed up by its restoration and conservation
  in systematic manner.
• Procurement of superior germplasm from other
  countries, if required and its performance
  assessment vis-à-vis locally available germplasm.
  
• Protocol development for tissue culture mode of
  propagation of selected genotypes.
• Sources of availability of Jatropha material in
  each state?

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Problems Loans to Farmers /Panchayats and
Buy-back Guarantees

• Concessional loans to Panchayats/ farmers for
  raising Jatropha Plantations with a repayment
  moratorium of 4 years need to be considered. This
  should be backed up by assurance by Government or
  by Entrepreneurs (given wastelands at subsidized
  rates on long lease for contract farming) to
  farmers to buy back the seeds at minimum Rs 5/Kg
  initially with a scope to enhance it with
  corresponding increase in crude oil/bio-diesel
  prices.

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R D Issues

• Selection of genotypes with high oil-content for
  a given soil/land and climatic conditions
• Identification of different pests and diseases
  occuring on Jatropha and their possible control
• Storage and Long term preservation of seeds and
  oil
• Non-edible de-oiled cake conversion to edible
  meal
• Uses of other parts of plant i.e. leaves, bark
  etc. for developing organic dyes, medicines
  fruit shells for producing bio-gas etc.
• Designing of suitable decorticator machines.
• Inter-Cropping for land use efficiency
• Environment Impact Assessment
• Introduction of mycorrhiza technology
• Water and other resource use efficiency

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National Network on Jatropha NOVOD Board
Initiatives

• Objectives
• Selection of superior planting material
• Standardization of Propogation techniques Micro
  and Macro propagation.
• Standardizing agro-techniques
• Establishment of model plantations
• Tree improvement
• Detoxification of seed meal
• Development of pre-processing processing
  equipments
• Imparting training to the farmers
• Status of Work Done
• Model Plantation raised in 21 states covering
  about 8000 ha area by involving 32 Centres
  (SAUs/ICFRE)
• More than 900 superior plants identified
• Yield of mother plant 2-3 kg
• Oil content ranged from 29 to 42 in seed
• Agro-techniques being standardised

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Bio-diesel Purchase Policy of MOPNG

• Ministry of Petroleum Natural Gas has notified
  a Bio-diesel Purchase Policy on 09-10-2005 which
  provides for purchase of bio-diesel by oil
  marketing companies _at_ Rs 25/litre (inclusive of
  taxes/ duties/transportation cost) w.e.f.
  01-01-2006 at 20 nos. purchase centres in 12
  states. The suppliers should have capacity to
  supply minimum 10KL/tanker of biodiesel meeting
  prescribed BIS specifications and should be
  registered with State Level Coordinator of oil
  cos. Blending of bio-diesel _at_ 5 max. to be
  undertaken initially at above 20 centres
  depending on availability.

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THANKS FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION ...