Domotics

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Domotics

• Domotics or smart home technology is the
  integration of services and technologies, applied
  to homes, flats, apartments, houses and small
  buildings with the purpose of automating them and
  obtaining an increase in
• safety and security -
• comfort -
• communication -
• technical management

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Domotic Systems

• Safety and Security
• Security alarm, memory aids for medication,
  alarm when falling,
• Comfort and Self-care
• Automatic control of doors, windows, elevator
• Communication
• Intercom, fax, video surveillance, teleshopping
• Property management
• Control/management of heating, lighting,
  ventilation, maintenance,

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Projects on Home Bus systems in the European
Telematics programme 1995-2000

• Name and Field of application
• __________________________________________________
  ______________________
• ACTION
• Needs survey and knowledge-based system and
  technology deliverables
• CASA
• Home automation service concept for the Elderly
  and Disabled
• FACILE
• Support tools for house design and management
  devoted to Elderly after rehabilitation
• HOMEBRAIN
• Home applications Optimum multimedia/multimodal
  system for environmental control
• HEPHAISTOS
• Interface for control of domestic appliances for
  Elderly and Disabled
• HS-ADEPT
• Homebus architecture for Elderly and Disabled
• MOSAIC-HS
• plug--play approach to bus systems in
  work/life situations
• Horizontal Projects HEART, COST, USER, INCLUDE,
  INUSE, MEGATAC, USINACTS

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Home utilities

• Heating
• Water
• Gas
• Electricity
• Telephone
• Cable
• Antenna/disc
• Ventilation
• Camera surveillance

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Home appliances

• Cooking/food preparation
• Cleaning
• Self-care
• Entertainment
• Communication
• Washing

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Industrial types

• Hot, wet, cold
• Hot ovens, stoves (gas, elelctric, induction,..)
• Wet washing machine, dryer, dry-spinner
• Cold refrigerator, freezer
• No common elements between these products,
  except the mains plug

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Universal control

• Control of all appliances and services in the
  home requires a messaging system, and a network,
  called a bus
• Messaging is more than switching bidirectional
  information flow is necessary, to monitor state
  of devices

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Carriers for a bus

• Ultrasound (obsolete)
• RF, radio frequency, mostly FM
• IR (Infra red most remote controls, RC5)
• TP, twisted pair
• PL, Power Line
• OF, Optical fibre
• CX, co-axial
• Wireless digital Spread Spectrum techniques

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ISO-OSI interconnection model
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Physical layer

•   This layer defines the methods used to transmit
  and receive data on the network. It consists of
  the wiring, the devices that are used to connect
  a station's network interface controller to the
  wiring, the signaling involved to
  transmit/receive data, and the ability to detect
  signaling errors on the network media. Protocols
  ISO 2110, IEEE 802, IEEE 802.2.

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Data link layer

• This layer synchronizes transmission and handles
  frame-level error control and recovery so that
  information can be transmitted over the physical
  layer. The frame formatting and the CRC (cyclic
  redundancy check, which checks for errors in the
  whole frame) are accomplished at this layer. This
  layer performs the access methods known as
  Ethernet and Token Ring. It also provides the
  physical layer addressing for transmitted frame.
  Protocols SLIP, CSLIP, PPP MTU.

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Network layer

• This layer controls the forwarding of messages
  between stations. On the basis of certain
  information, this layer will allow data to flow
  sequentially between two stations in the most
  economical path both logically and physically.
  This layer allows units of data to be transmitted
  to other networks though the use of special
  devices known as routers. Routers are defined at
  this layer. Protocols IP, ARP, RARP, ICMP, RIP,
  OSPF, BGP, IGMP.

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Transport layer

• This layer provides for end-to-end transmission
  of data. It allows data to be transferred
  reliably (i.e., with a guarantee that it will be
  delievered in the same order that it was sent).
  It ensures that data is transmitted or received
  without error, in the correct order (received in
  the same order as it was sent), and in a timely
  manner. Protocols TCP, UDP.

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Session layer

• This layer establishes, maintains, and
  disconnects a communications link between two
  stations on a network. This layer is also
  responsible for name-to-station address
  translation. (This is the same as placing a call
  to someone on the phone with knowing only his/her
  name. You must have his/her phone number in order
  to establish a connection).

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Presentation layer

• This layer is responsible for data translation
  (format of the data) and data encryption
  (scrambling and descrambling the data as it is
  transmitted and received). It is not always
  inplemented in a network protocol.

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Application layer

• This layer is used for those applications that
  are specifically written to run over the network.
  Example applications such as file transfer,
  terminal emulation, electronic mail, and
  NetBIOS-based applications. Protocols DNS, TFTP,
  BOOTP, SNMP, RLOGIN, FTP, SMTP, MIME, NFS, FINGER.

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Very High Speed60 GHz Range LAN
300GHz

1. 156MbpsMMAC(Japan)
2. 156MbpsMEDIAN (German)

EHF(milli-wave)
Frequency
19GHz range LAN10Mbps (ARIB)
30GHz
High Speed5GHz Range LAN
SHF(micro-wave)
(1)IEEE 802.11a 6/12/24Mbps (2)HIPERLAN (ETSI
BRAN)Type ½ 23.5/25Mbps (3)WATM (ATM Forum)
25Mbps
Middle Speed 2.4GHz Range LAN
3GHz

IEEE802.111Mbps/2Mbps
UHF
1GHz
UHF
300MHz
IEEE802.11b5.5Mbps/11Mbps
VHF
Bandwidth
4Mbps/16MbpsToken RingIEEE 802.5
10MbpsEthernetIEEE 802.3
25/52/100MbpsATM-LAN(ATM Forum)
100MbpsFast EthernetIEEE 802.3u
156/622 MbpsATM-LAN(ATM Forum)
1000MbpsGigabit EthernetIEEE 802.3z, 802.3ab
Wired LAN
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The bus, what next?

• Any bus system is just a messaging system over a
  network.
• The system does not know the state of the
  house it is not a control system.
• To run the house, intelligence, a knowledge
  system, or rule system is needed.

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Bus problems

• Power outages, critical duration
• Initialization of new equipment
• Adoption of new properties of new equipment
• Cost of cable installation
• Safety concerns (PL)
• Dealing with dumb appliances

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Bus problems

• extensibility
• maintainability
• no bus system has a standard for the user
  interface there is no typical look feel
  control device

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Understanding problems

• What is the communication type between
  house/products/services and the user?
• Auditory signaling (confusion)
• Light signaling
• Spoken information
• Visual information on custom displays, or TV

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False alarms

• Re-entry without reset, security-related system
  reset under stress
• Switching on lights without reason
• Switching off light without reason
• Accidentally setting off alarm