Absolutely pure iron

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Absolutely pure iron
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Five plates and two rods, National Art Gallery,
Washington
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Smithsonian Natural History Museum
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Fe-Ni alloy, 0.0021072 mm thick
Smithsonian Air Space
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Inter-galactic gas
Fe
guess what?
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Entropy
How pure can pure be?
P
P / 2
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o
m
B
o
m
A
Gibbs free energy per mole
Incredibly difficult to get extreme purity!
A
B
Concentration x of B
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hexagonal close-packed
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hexagonal close-packed
cubic close-packed
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body-centred cubic
cubic close-packed
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pure iron
Cubic-P
Diamond cubic
Cohesive energy (eV/atom)
Hexagonal-P
b.c.c
c.c.p
h.c.p
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
Normalised volume
Paxton et al. (1990)
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electron has a spin effectively a current in a
loop, creating a little magnet this is the Bohr
magneton
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Bundy (1965)
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Bhor magnetons
Iron atom in ferrite 2.2 Iron atom in thin
film 3.1 Iron atom in austenite 2.8 or 0.6
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Fe
Ru
6d 2s
Os
Hs
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Iron Ar 8 e- b.c.c Ruthenium Kr 8
e- h.c.p Osmium Xe 14f 8 e-
h.c.p Hassium Rn 14f 8 e- ???
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body-centred cubic (ferrite) cubic close-packed
(austenite) hexagonal close-packed double
hexagonal close-packed trigonal tetragonal magnet
ic transitions
pure iron
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DISPLACIVE
RECONSTRUCTIVE
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The Song
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an apple weighs 1 Newton
1 Pa
1 m
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1 Denier weight in grams, of 9 km of fibre
10 Denier
Scifer is 9 Denier
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Scifer, 5.5 GPa with ductility!
Kobe Steel
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Atom probe image of Scifer, 5.5 GPa steel wire
Bhadeshia and Harada, 1993
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TRANSPARENT STEELthe teaching of creative design

• by Harry Bhadeshia

Materials World, March 1995, p. 128
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Why is iron opaque?
opaque
transparent
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1991 Sumio Iijima studied soot, found nanotubes,
nested like Russian dolls.
Nanotubes grow efficiently from gas with iron as
catalyst.
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Perception of smell
template model
spectroscopic model
Luca Turin
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nickel in cage molecule
iron in cage molecule
Luca Turin
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180 to 220 C
Cooking temperature?
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Pizza steel, cooked at 200 C for 20 days
2.5 billion apples on one square meter
Caballero, Mateo Bhadeshia
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Longest (2 km) single-span bridge, near Kobe,
Japan
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Rope bridge, Atlantis, Bahamas
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www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2001/pureiron.ppt

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