Building Security Locking Systems

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Building Security Locking Systems

• Tennessee Board of Regents
• Educational Seminar
• April 16, 2009

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Bruce HolmesChief of Police,Director of
Safety SecurityUniversity System of
Georgia404-656-2247404-831-2959
cellbruce.holmes_at_usg.edu
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Challenges today

• New student body
• Increased attention, awareness of campus security
  status.
• Shrinking budgets search for alternative, cost
  effective methods for accomplishing security
  objectives
• Proliferation of technology based options
• Merging IT infrastructure security systems
• Pushing facility security systems to provide
  personal protection services

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Myths Challenges

• One size does NOT fit all.
• Facilities often have unique challenges. (Data
  based decisions)
• Perception is reality
• Must be considered as a part of the evaluation
• Maintaining security while maintaining access to
  education.
• Processes/methods that appear overly difficult
  for users are not effective.

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Facility security planning .

• Must.
• involve various campus constituents.
• Faculty, staff, public safety, students, and
  others
• Strive for consensus when possible
• base decisions on facility specific data.
• Gathering information is a simple process
• employ a comprehensive approach.
• Security Triangle

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Security Triangle 3 Ps

• Policies
• Procedures
• User-friendly processes

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Building Access Control?

• Access control is employing methods to restrict
  and/or limit ones access to a facility.
• Preventative Measures
• Staffed entrances
• Campus police/security
• Life-Safety and egress
• Door control/access methods devices
• Monitoring Surveillance

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Physical Security Planning

• Layer Approach
• Security is planned using a layered approach
• Outer Layer approach to building or access to
  campus
• Inner Layer exterior area immediately adjacent
  to building including exterior doors and windows
• Interior Layer inside areas

Outer Layer
Inner Layer
Interior Layer (Building)
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Example
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Data Driven Decision Making

• Need adequate information from various sources
• Crime statistics
• Building occupancy loads
• Programming information
• Inventory information
• Using data on which to base your decisions
  increases your odds of asking the right question.

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Basic Planning Tools Info
Hazard/Vulnerability Analysis
May include mitigation factor to further
refine Relative Weight
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Basic Planning Tools Info
Hazard/Vulnerability Analysis w/Mitigation Factor
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Basic Planning Tools Info

• Facility Risk Assessment-Williams Library

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Basic Planning Tools Info

• Facility use information
• Users?
• Technology consider alternate securing methods
• Hours of facility operation
• Often academic buildings are operational 20 hours
  a day.
• Policies/Procedures/Practices
• Existing procedures
• Campus standards
• Key control

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Basic Planning Tools Info
User Matrix Barnes Science Building
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Establish Facility Access Goals

• Used to promote senior leadership buy-in and
  support.
• Others will understand basic concepts
• Better to understand and disagree vs. Not
  knowing and not understanding.
• Focuses budgetary expenditures
• Prevents rush to purchase latest-greatest
• Develops consistency for application of security
  hardware, policies, procedures and processes

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Side bar - signage
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Locking Hardware

• Two Categories
• Technology based Non-technology based
• Non-technology based methods
• Barriers e.g. turn-styles, etc.
• Crime Prevention through Environmental Design
• Controlling access through staff receptionists,
  security officers, etc.

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Physical Security Methods

• Locking hardware
• Door locks
• Key control policies and procedures
• Various forms of devices available
• Standard key-in-knob (KIK)
• Mechanical Combination (MC)
• Latch and bolt

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Pros Cons- Mechanical locks
Low to high security applications.
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Mechanical locks

• Majority of educational facilities are secured
  using mechanical, stand-alone locks. Combination
  systems are equally prevalent.
• Common Security failures related to mechanical
  locks are
• Maintaining grand master-key system integrity
• Transfer of access
• Not locking doors

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Discussion - Mechanical system considerations

• Eliminate Grand Master Keying Concept
• Every door has a unique key.
• No One key fits more than one door.
• No suite masters, building masters, etc.
• Can it be done? How would you approach the
  concept?
• Obstacles? Difficulties?

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No Grand Master

• Resident Advisory Group (Rag) involved early in
  the decision process, (prior to building
  construction)
• Security concerns and needs explained. Facility
  access/security plan, goals and objectives were
  shared with Rag.
• Custodial Required to check out floor keys
• One Dean had 47 keys to access her areas of
  responsibility.

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Technology Security Systems

• Costs dropping for high-tech solutions.
• Security options being incorporated in fire
  surveillance/alarm systems, HVAC or building
  control systems, camera systems
• Provider several options not afforded by
  mechanical systems.

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Technology Based Systems

• Systems increasingly move toward integrating
  existing network infrastructure in to security
  based systems.
• Advantages
• Cost savings through use of existing
  infrastructure
• Service support through existing personnel and/or
  vendors

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Technology Based Systems

• Disadvantages
• Taxing existing infrastructure
• Confusion of mission for IT
• Create additional security breach opportunities,
  e.g. hacking, vendors, repair personnel, etc.
• Difficult to maintain network security of
  existing systems equivalent to security needs
• Coordination of services across multiple
  disciplines, e.g. IT to Physical Plant to Public
  Safety to campus department to card office.

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Implementation of technology

• Technology provides opportunities in several
  areas
• Increased surveillance w/o staff costs increasing
  
• Provide records of ingress
• Provide reporting of security issues such as door
  propping, entry/exit of individuals.
• Provide timed access to facilities
• Technology creates unique challenges
• Purchase and installation costs
• Maintenance/upkeep costs
• Repair times increased
• Reliance on additional technologies increases
  security concerns
• Staff training requirements for operations and
  upkeep

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Card Access Systems

• Card access increasingly popular, and advances
  in technology are beginning to reduce costs for
  purchase
• Card access forms
• Magnetic Stripe
• Barium Ferrite
• Bar Code
• Wiegand antenna card
• Proximity card
• Smart card

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Card accessOperational challenges

• Tail-gating
• Perceived security
• Life safety concerns and resulting operations
• Monitoring vs. surveillance
• Added security concerns with use of computer
  technology. E.g. readers susceptible to hacking,
  card information, etc.

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Technology based considerations

• Ability to incorporate card access in to existing
  financial card systems?
• Need to identify
• Who has access to card system(s)?
• Who has authority to control card?
• What if financial use is no longer needed?
• What if access control is changed but not ?
• Situations to discuss among campus groups
• What if a public safety officer needs to
  confiscate an access card that has financial use?

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Shared Card Method
One Card
Security Control
Retail Services Control
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Card Access - Considerations

• Identify limitations in emergency situations
• Loss of power mag locks open for life safety
  needs?
• Loss of connectivity
• Establish procedures for denying access,
  allowing access to emergency responders, etc.

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Biometric Devices

• Technologies becoming increasingly affordable for
  more common applications
• Biometrics include
• Voice
• Finger geometry
• Handwriting
• Hand-print
• Face geometry
• Iris retinal scanning
• Biometrics introduce individual verification to
  security access

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Biometric Devices

• Advantages
• Identify individual versus a key, card or other
  device
• Costs are coming down
• Becoming more acceptable to consumer
• Unique identifiers
• Use to protect data, network log-ins, in addition
  to facility access.

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Biometric Devices

• Disadvantages
• Not as reliable
• Operation impacted by environment
• e.g. lotion, temperature, dust, etc.
• Often require secondary access method for
  verification
• Increased reliance on third party vendors for
  support
• Network infrastructure requirements

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Biometric Advantages/disadvantages
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Considerations when evaluating technology based
systems

• Add complexity to facility access
• Reliance on vendors maintenance costs
• Competing campus systems may conflict
• Multiple cards, mixed use cards, multiple locking
  methods
• Increased training needs for staff
• Prevent accidental security lapses
• Ability to adequately utilize system services

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Simple System COMPLICATED?
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Future Trends - Concerns

• Single Solution systems
• One system to provide
• HVAC controls, Life safety functions, door access
• Advantages
• One vendor, one call for concerns
• No confusion on responsibilities
• Challenges
• Reliance on a sole vendor all eggs in one
  basket
• Increased uses increased potential for failure
• System access roles

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Future Trends-Concerns

• Multiple Platforms, one card system
• Mag stripe cards
• Use of multiple, separate systems with one card.
• Advantages
• Allows separation of key roles/responsibilities,
  reducing confusion, and/or turf wars.
• Challenges
• Clearly establishing base-line specifications
  early
• Vendor resistance

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Future Trends - Opportunities

• Notification/User Interaction Systems
• Available with several systems, capabilities
  continue to expand.
• Tracking systems ability to track items or
  people.
• Costs are quickly dropping as it becomes a
  software capability.
• Continued push to reduce costs through security
  technology
• Challenges are the reliance on technologies where
  decisions are required.

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Discussion Specific Applications

• Ability to lock classroom doors from inside?

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Ability to lock classrooms from inside?

• Unfortunately, the answer to this question will
  vary from institution to institution and
  potentially facility to facility.
• Concerns w/classroom locking method
• Costs
• Potential for other crimes to be committed
• Disruption of classes/operations if door is
  accidentally secured
• Consider
• Type of doors and locking systems in place
• dead-bolt system accessibility, etc.

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Lock Classrooms

• Things to do
• Study committee
• Gather all data
• Crime Reports
• Interview w/campus mental health professionals
• Virginia Tech after action review
• Evaluate on a facility specific or program
  specific level

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Shooter scenarios, how can building, facility
access reduce potential injuries?

• Consider the security triangle when evaluating
  facility security issues.
• People suspects from past incidents primarily
  have been members of the community
• Processes allowed facility/security access was
  afforded to all suspects. Policies would not have
  prevented access.
• Physical Security no preventative value.
  Protective value would have been increased
• Concerns
• Implementation of locking mechanisms may increase
  opportunities for other crimes

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Shooter situations

• Predominately have had levels of pre-planning.
• Columbine video, purchases days weeks in
  advance of needed materials/supplies
• Virginia Tech locking doors, video messages,
  preparation.

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Discussion

• Establishing facility access restrictions?
• No faculty/staff/students from 1100 pm to
  600am. NO EXCEPTIONS

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Establishing facility access restrictions?

• Clearly identified time periods where
  faculty/staff are not authorized in a facility.
• Concerns
• Research faculty requiring access at varying
  times
• Maintaining experiments during power outages
• Tasks
• Involve impacted faculty and staff
• Identify needs based on facility
• Accommodate where possible
• Use information gathered for future
  construction/renovation projects

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Camera technology

• Camera technology has evolved dramatically over
  the past 10 years reducing costs for consumers.
• Internet Protocol based cameras offer an
  inexpensive option that utilizes existing IT
  infrastructure.
• Installation is becoming easier as equipment
  becomes more, Use and replace

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Camera Surveillance Monitoring

• Monitoring vs. Surveillance
• Monitoring staff intensive to watch camera
  outputs
• Surveillance images being recorded, often only
  events that trigger camera activity
• Majority of camera installations, primary
  objective is not monitoring.
• Primary uses for camera systems
• Crime solving
• Person identification
• Perceived deterrent
• Legal use as a record of events
• Security/Police patrols are not reduced through
  deployment of cameras.

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Camera use

• Need to clearly establish intended use and
  expectations
• Monitoring vs. surveillance
• Identify expectation of privacy concerns
• Camera systems are easily employed to replace
  locking mechanisms, staffing for entry points,
  but are a great supplement for recording of
  events.

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Camera Systems

• Camera systems are becoming user-friendly
  making operation and upkeep easier.
• Consider using cameras in a support role for
  locking systems, staff support, and in
  high-security applications as supporting
  documentation.

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Questions
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Bruce HolmesChief of Police,Director of
Safety SecurityUniversity System of
Georgia404-656-2247404-831-2959
cellbruce.holmes_at_usg.edu