Imperialism

1
Imperialism

• What exactly is it?

2
In Latin America

• Who colonized?
• What happened?
• Impact of Industrialism? Economic role?

3
In Africa

• Who colonized?
• What happened?
• Impact of Industrialism? Economic role?

4
In the Middle East

• Who colonized?
• What happened?
• Impact of Industrialism? Economic role?

5
In Southeast Asia

• Who colonized?
• What happened?
• Impact of Industrialism? Economic role?

6
In the Pacific Islands

• Who colonized?
• What happened?
• Impact of Industrialism? Economic role?

7
In East Asia

• Who colonized?
• What happened?
• Impact of Industrialism? Economic role?

8
Were they all equal rulers?

• AFRICA
• Divide and conquer!
• White Mans Burden?coined by Rudyard Kipling
  (Social Darwinism)
• Berlin Conference, 1884 Brussels Convention,
  1890
• Differing governing roles, similar outcome
  subjugation

9
Berlin Conference

• 1. Spheres of Influence were legitimized
• 2. Buffer states were established to prevent
  intervention of other European nations in their
  territory
• 3. Hostile tribes were thrown together.
• 4. Conflicting loyalties had grave consequences
  for the African tribes.
• 5. Natural dividing lines such as rivers or
  mountains were not considered

10
France

• Algeria, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Guinea, French
  Congo (West, North, Central, and East Africa)
• Direct rule the local elites were removed from
  power and replaced with a new set of officials
  brought from the mother country.

11
England

• Ghana, South Africa, Egypt
• Worked with local governments
• Patronizing
• Indirect rule local rulers were allowed to
  maintain their positions of authority and status
  in a new colonial setting
• Brought in some levels of industry
• Allowed for easy movement within British Empire
  (Gandhi)

12
Good and Bad of British Rule

• Britain improved-
• Hospitals
• Transportation
• Communication
• Road
• Canals
• Education
• Laws safety
• Improved status for women

• Britain ruined
• Freedom
• Self-determination
• Social system
• Habits/customs
• Increased racism
• Economic exploitation

13
French vs. British rule

• Direct versus indirect rule.
• The British followed the indirect approach.
• At first, in some areas, the British simply asked
  a local ruler to accept British rule and to fly
  the British flag over official buildings.
• Benefit not disrupting local customs and
  institutions.
• However, it also kept the old African elite in
  power and didnt allow many ambitious and
  talented young Africans opportunities to get
  ahead.
• French direct rule assimilated African subjects
  into French culture rather than attempting to
  preserve native traditions.
• Africans were eligible to run for office and even
  serve in the French National Assembly in Paris.

14
Belgium

• CongoCentral Africa
• Due to little extra-regional trade, Belgium
  radically transformed. (lots of intraregional
  tradeextensive water system)
• Personal property of King Leopold?sought economic
  return
• 1st ivory, but switched to rubber
• Extreme cruelty

15
Germany

• Kamerun, German East Africa
• Arrived late due to German consolidation

16
Italy

• Ethiopia?claimed as Italian Protectorate
• Previously squeezed between Egyptian
  expansionists, the Turks, the English, the
  Italians
• Christian country (since the 100s)
• Unified country under 1 leader
• Modern weaponry
• That didnt last very long at all1890-1896

17
European Imperialism, 1810-1870
18
After the Berlin Conference