XVR : X Visitingpattern Routing for Sensor Networks

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XVR X Visiting-pattern Routing for Sensor
Networks

• 2005. 10. 13.
• Sang-Wook Kwon
• swkwon_at_comis.kaist.ac.kr

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Content

• Introduction
• Previous Work
• X Visiting-Pattern Routing
• Performance Evaluation
• Conclusion
• XVR X Visiting-pattern Routing for Sensor
  Networks
• Yu He Cauligi S. Raghavendra, INFOCOM 2005.
  vol. 3, pp. 1758-1769, Mar. 2005.

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Introduction(1)

• Sensor Networks
• Small, low-cost, and low-power devices.
• Packet Routing
• To forward an incoming packet to neighbor.
• Sensor network Routing
• Whether a sensor network routing needs to be
  changed to accommodate application and network
  dynamics.
• Network dynamics
• Application resource discovery, monitoring
  application
• Heterogeneous network different subnet

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Introduction(2)

• Motivation
• Existing routing services have limited
  changeability.
• Many routing services share essential properties
  but with different visiting-pattern of packets.
• Visiting-pattern where to forward packets as
  next hops in a
• network.
• Propose a general routing service for sensor
  networks
• Facilitates routing changes.
• Key idea decouple the visiting-pattern from the
  routing core.

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Previous work(1)

• Visiting-Pattern of Routing Services
• Where the packets go as next hop in a networks
• Need state information and forwarded packet.
• If no available state information,
  visiting-pattern is fixed.
• Routing service is classified roughly into two
  categories.
• Publication / subscription-based
• Forwarding-based

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Previous work(2)

• The existing routing
• GPSR (Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing)
• GEAR (Geographical and Energy Aware Routing)
• TBF (Trajectory Based Forwarding)
• Directed diffusion
• TTDD (Two Tier Data Dissemination)
• Rumor routing

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Previous work(3)
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XVR X visiting-Pattern Routing(1)

• XVR
• Decouple and parameterize visiting-patterns of
  packets.
• Assumption
• An attribute-based routing services.
• Not symmetric path, but can use symmetric path.
• Nodes are not location-aware, but can use the
  location
• knowledge if capable.
• Not mobile.

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XVR X visiting-Pattern Routing(2)

• Architecture
• Visiting-patterns of packet types are specified
• XVR loads the corresponding packet handlers that
  issue or forward packets according to their
  visiting-pattern.

Routing Architecture Change with XVR
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XVR X visiting-Pattern Routing(3)

• Packet type
• Subscription issued by sink to express its
  interest.
• Publication issued by source to announce data
  availability.
• Enforcement issued from source or sink to build
  paths.
• Hello issued by each node to collect neighbor
  information.
• Data issued by source that includes the actual
  sensed data

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XVR X visiting-Pattern Routing(4)

• Visiting-pattern
• Local A packet is sent not out of originator.
  (static)
• Flooding From originator to all nodes in
  networks. (static)
• Restricted-flooding The flooding with TTL
  value. (static)
• Probable-forwarding To decide if one neighbor
  will become a
• next hop with certain probability value.
  (static)
• Geographic-forwarding chooses next hop along
  predefined
• geographic curves. (static)
• Programmable-forwarding by consulting state
  information and
• packets at service runtime. (dynamic)

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XVR X visiting-Pattern Routing(5)

• Supported visiting-patterns for each packet type
  in the XVR

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XVR X visiting-Pattern Routing(6)

• State maintained by the XVR
• Three packet types generate state
• Hello, Subscription, and Publication
• Hello
• Neighbor information state.
• Indexed by neighbor id, the latest timestamp.
• XVR decide what information to be collected from
  neighbor by checking
• visiting-pattern parameters.

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XVR X visiting-Pattern Routing(7)

• Subscription
• Interest state
• Indexed by subscribed attributes and express
  interest from neighbor
• Interest state interested neighbor, latest
  timestamp, enforced flag
• Publication
• Available state
• Indexed by published attributes and express
  availability from neighbor
• Available state available neighbor, latest
  timestamp, enforced flag

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XVR X visiting-Pattern Routing(8)

• Algorithm
• Publication/subscription-based routing
• Three algorithm
• Before-meeting algorithm
• Meeting algorithm
• After-meeting algorithm
• Before-meeting algorithm
• Before a publication(subscription) packet reaches
  a node with matched interest(available) state, it
  is forwarded according to its visiting-pattern
  parameter.
• Passed nodes build or update available (interest)
  state that constitutes pathes from sources(sinks)
  to nodes.

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XVR X visiting-Pattern Routing(9)

• Meeting algorithm
• When a publication(subscription) packet passes a
  node with matched interest(available) state, one
  copy of the matched publication packet is made
  and marked as an after-meeting packet.
• The original publication packet is continuously
  processed as a before-meeting packet.

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XVR X visiting-Pattern Routing(10)

• After-meeting algorithm
• After-meeting packet dont follow the specified
  visiting-pattern parameter.
• The marked publication packets follow paths in
  interest state to reach
• sinks using a new visiting-pattern.
• When the publication packets arrive at sinks,
  enforcement packets
• are issued from sinks.
• When the enforcement packets reach sources, route
  from sources to sink is built.

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Performance Evaluation

• Simulation Environment
• Using NS-2.
• of sensor node 100 in a 1500m 1500m
• Generation time of data packet every two
  seconds
• Simulation time 200 sec

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Performance Evaluation

• Simulation Metric
• Dissipated Energy ratio
• Delay
• Delivery ratio

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Performance Evaluation

• Simulation Result

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Performance Evaluation

• Simulation Result

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Performance Evaluation

• Simulation Result

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Conclusion

• A general routing service for sensor networks
• Allows arbitrary visiting-patterns to be
  specified independently from the routing core.
• Enable routing changes
• Facilitates concurrent and automatic routing
  services that adapt to different application and
  network properties.