Aristotle

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Aristotle
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Pupil of Plato, entering The Academy at the age
of 17Tutor to Alexander the great
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Achievements

• Aristotle had an untamed Lust for knowledge
• Established modern science. He categorized and
  organized many of the academic disciplines that
  we study today psychology, logic, physics,
  economics

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Criticism of Plato

• We should not be concerned with our experience
  with an outer realm that is unattainable.

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There are truths, but they come from our
experience and must be understood by the senses.

• The inquiry into virtues and ideals should be
  within our own surroundings.

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• The question that was asked long ago, is asked
  now, and is always a matter of difficulty is what
  is being.

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What are objects in the world?What is it for
something to exist?
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Do things exist simply as their matter?

• What is a house?
• Simply bricks, plastic, shingles, wood, cement?

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What is a person?

• Carbon, water, blood, arms, legs, head, heart,
  liver, nose?
• If the elements that you consist of are always
  changing then are you ever the same person?

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According to Aristotle, yes.Essence is the
fundamental feature that makes a substance what
it is.

• An objects potentiality, its cause and purpose,
  are what makes and defines the object.

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Aristotles 4 Causes

• 1. Material Cause- What is it made out of?
• 2. Efficient cause- What makes the form of the
  object?
• 3. Formal Cause- What gives the object its shape?
  (Design/ Blueprints)
• 4. Final Cause-Ultimate reason cause- Why was it
  created?

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What would each of Aristotles be causes be for
a statue?

• 1. Material Cause- What is it made out of?
• 2. Efficient cause- What makes the form of the
  object?
• 3. Formal Cause- What gives the object its shape?
  (Design/ Blueprints)
• 4. Final Cause-Ultimate reason cause- Why was it
  created?

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What would each of Aristotles be causes be for
rain?

• 1. Material Cause- What is it made out of?
• 2. Efficient cause- What makes the form of the
  object?
• 3. Formal Cause- What gives the object its shape?
  (Design/ Blueprints)
• 4. Final Cause-Ultimate reason cause- Why was it
  created?

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Do objects exist by their definition?Do they
exist by their material content?Do they exist
in their function?