Hydrogen Production from Waste Heat

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Hydrogen Production from Waste Heat

• Reaction Sciences, Inc.
• OCT 2005
• Sponsored by CTC, Inc.
• J. Dunn 508-870-0042

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New H2 Generation Process Overview

• V- Process
• Thermochemical Hydrogen process converts
  medium-grade heat (450-500C) and water to
  hydrogen.
• Recover waste heat from power generation to
  increase overall efficiency of power plant.
• Hydrogen for refineries from the waste heat
  from refineries
• Solar energy, waste heat from power plants, and
  waste gases can all be used as the heat energy
  source.
• Makes hydrogen at very high efficiency and
  extremely Low Cost, using NO FUEL, with NO
  EMISSIONS.
• Integrated cycle with fuel cell can produce
  hydrogen from sunlight at unprecedented high
  efficiency (40 vs. 15 PV).

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HYDROGEN OUT
OXYGEN OUT
H20 IN
Cl2
HEAT
VCl3 DECOMP.
REVERSE DEACON
HCl O2
VCl2
VCl3
HCl O2 SEP.
VCl3 REGEN./ H2 GEN.
HCl
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The V-Process comprises 4 steps

• 1. Heating to 420oC decomposes vanadium
  trichloride
• into vanadium dichloride and chlorine gas
  
• VCl3 Heat ? VCl2 Cl2
• 2. Chlorine gas is reacted with steam to produce
  
• hydrochloric acid oxygen (Reverse Deacon
  Reaction)
• Cl2 2H2O (steam) ? 4HCl O2
• 3. Hydrochloric acid and oxygen are separated.
• 4. HCl is reacted with vanadium dichloride from
  Step 1
• to produce vanadium trichloride (which
  returns to Step 1),
• and Generates Hydrogen
• VCl2 HCl ? VCl3 H2

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V-ProcessThermochemical Hydrogen Production
Convert any source of heat (approx. 400 C or
better) to hydrogen and oxygen
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Power Plants Use the waste heat from power
plants (an extremely abundant resource) to make
cheap hydrogen.

POWER PLANT WASTE HEAT
THERMAL ENERGY
HYDROGEN
OXYGEN
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Cost Environmental Comparisons1 Gigawatt
Plant

• V- Process
• Plant Cost 120M
• Ops expense 0.25/kg
• Fuel Cost 0
• Gas Consumption 0
• CO2 Emissions 0

• Steam Reform Natl Gas
• Plant Cost 120 million
• Ops Expense 0.20/kg
• Fuel Cost 7.50/Mcf H2
• 30 year Fuel cost 22B
• 30 year Gas consumption
• 720 Billion Cu Ft
• 30 year CO2 emissions
• gt 40 million tons

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48 Efficient Power Plant Use Hydrogen and
oxygen as fuel on-site
POWER PLANT WASTE HEAT
THERMAL ENERGY
HYDROGEN
OXYGEN
Electricity out at 48 conversion efficiency
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Refineries All refineries are net consumers of
Hydrogen. It has to be made from fossil
feedstocks or purchased from a merchant gas
vendor. With the v-Process the refinery could
make the needed hydrogen from its own waste heat.
The oxygen has value too.
COMBUSTIBLE PROCESS WASTE GASES other heat
THERMAL ENERGY
HYDROGEN To Refinery
OXYGEN
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Solar Thermal to Hydrogen and Oxygen for Sunny
regions Can use Concentrating Solar Thermal
technology even already-commercial trough
technology (shown) to convert sunlight directly
into hydrogen. Hydrogen can be produced at low
cost, and at very high efficiency.
CONCENTRATING SOLAR THERMAL TECHNOLOGY
THERMAL ENERGY
HYDROGEN
OXYGEN
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If Solid Oxide Fuel Cells become economical,
then Can be integrated with high-temperature fuel
cells, including thermal integration, to convert
fuel into electricity at 70 efficiencies
instead of 45-50 for SOFC
SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL
RECYCLED THERMAL ENERGY / STEAM
THERMAL ENERGY
HYDROGEN
ELECTRICITY
70 EFFICIENCY
OXYGEN
Fuel Source in
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Solar SOFC 50 conversion to electricity from
Sunlight Can be integrated with high-temperature
fuel cells, including thermal integration, to
convert sunlight to electricity at unprecedented
efficiencies. ONLY INPUT IS SUNLIGHT - Water
is recycled
SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL
CONCENTRATING SOLAR THERMAL TECHNOLOGY
RECYCLED THERMAL ENERGY / STEAM
THERMAL ENERGY
HYDROGEN
ELECTRICITY
50 EFFICIENCY
OXYGEN
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Markets and Competition

• 1st Process to use waste heat to make H2 and O2
  from water at 0.35/kg H2
• Lowers cost of hydrogen for all uses
• Produces hydrogen far cheaper 0.35/kg
  (Currently 2-7)
• About 700 billion / year in hydrogen values from
  gas turbines alone, worldwide
• Additional value for Oxygen sales
• Low CapEx (About the same as a MSR Plant)
• Can use solar photon energy (PV) as well as Heat
• Can be used on site, for energy recovery
• No infrastructure requirements

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Summary

• Only Thermochemical Process to work economically
  on waste heat (450-500C)
• Annual markets gt 1 trillion
• Improves Efficiency of Power plants, refineries
  and any other large source of heat
• Produces hydrogen cheaper than any other method
  NO FUEL, NO EMISSIONS
• Predictable future product (H2)cost

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Project Schedule
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Development Needs

• Seeking 3.0 million Total
• Funding By Phase
• Phase I 350k
• Phase II 250k
• Phase III 500k
• Phase IV V 1750k
• Phase VI 150k
• TOTAL 3M

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