Next Generation SATCOM NexSAT Steering Group 4th Meeting:

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Next Generation SATCOMNexSAT Steering Group4th
Meeting

• Steve Kong, Dave Morse

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Agenda

• Requirements for Next Generation SATCOM
• SATCOM Industry Activities
• Roadmap for Datalink over Aero-BGAN
• Trials and Simulations of Inmarsats MPDS as a
  Voice over IP Service
• Synergies between NexSAT and Boeing efforts
• Going Forward

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Requirements for Next Generation SATCOM

• Steve Kong

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Overall Requirements

• Satellite System with the following capabilities
• Safety Services Compliant (L-BAND)
• For Cockpit Voice and Data Communications
• Existing Aero-H Voice
• Existing ACARS Data Data-2 (FANS), Data-3
  (ATN)
• Future Party-Line/Multi-Cast Voice
• Future ATN FANS
• Passenger Airline Services (Multi-Band)
• For Cabin/Crew Voice and Data Services
• Passenger Telephony (VoIP and PICO Cell)
• Passenger IP Data (Broadband Internet)
• Airline e-enable connectivity requirements
• Is there such a system available or planned that
  satisfies all of the above?

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ATS SATCOM Plans _at_ Boeing

• Inmarsat Aero-BGAN
• Uses L-Band Spectrum
• Satisfies Current and Future Cockpit and Cabin
  Services
• Expectation for Inmarsat BGAN Safety Service
  availability circa. 2010
• Key to Widespread Adoption
• Technology already used on majority widebody
  aircraft
• Easily adaptable to domestic narrow body aircraft
• Needs to be affordable Valid Business Case

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Future ATS Requirements

• Services
• Enhanced ADS (increased reporting rate, reduced
  latency)
• Messaging (supports enhanced CPDLC services)
• Generic bi-directional data connectivity (future
  introduction of ATS services)
• Party-line voice
• Broadcast/Multicast Services (TIS, FIS, other)
• Avionics (Need to get airspace users to equip)
• Cost Effective
• Options for Long Range Communication System
  (LRCS) certification (Dual SATCOM)
• Level D (Level C?) certification
• Accessibility to Transport, Military, GA, etc.

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SATCOM Industry Activities

• Steve Kong

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Boeing Led Industry Activities

• Why - do we need a change?
• Provide operating economics not possible in
  existing SATCOMS
• Fulfill Future Air Transport Requirements
• What - is required?
• Develop new standard with only one form factor.
  Not like Aero-I (ARINC761)
• When - will this happen?
• All parties committed to developing new standard
  (March 2004)
• APIM approved in April 2004
• Affordable certifiable avionics expected in 2007
  (evolution required for BGAN Safety Services
  target 2010)

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Avionics Advancements

• Core System comprises the following
• 2 x Voice-2 Channels, 1 x Data-2 Channels
  (Aero-H Functionality)
• 2 x BGAN/Swift-64 Channels (Integrated)
• HPA _at_ approx 40-60W (Integrated)

To this
From this
ARINC 7XX? 6 MCU
ARINC 741 18 MCU
SDU 6 MCU
RFU 4 MCU
HPA 8MCU
Combined SDU/RFU/HPA 2 x BGAN/S-64 6 MCU
Preferred Form Factor
Large/Heavy Antenna
Small/Lightweight Antenna
HGA
Both are 12dBic
HGA
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Boeing Airplane Implementations

• Wide Body Implementation 747, 777, 7E7
• (Single System or Dual Redundant System for LRCS)
• ETOPS Require SATCOM for Dispatch and Operations
• LRCS certification Provides airlines the option
  of carrying one HF (But not designed to replace
  HF).
• Voice-2/Data-2 for ATS. Safety AOC data ATC
  Voice
• BGAN for EFB/AHM, AAC, APC non-safety AOC data
• Internet, Email, SMS (E-enabled)
• Pico-Cell mobile phone use
• Narrow Body Implementation 737 717
• (Single System)
• Voice-2/Data-2 for ATS, Safety AOC data ATC
  Voice
• BGAN for EFB/AHM, AAC, APC non-safety AOC data
• Internet, Email, SMS (E-enabled)
• Pico-Cell mobile phone use

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Small Aircraft / Rotorcraft - ATS SATCOM Only

• Objective Omni-BGAN SATCOM only
• Low Gain (Omni-directional) Antenna
• 2 MCU SDU/HPA
• Single BGAN Channel
• For packet mode voice data
• Approx 50-60kbps
• Typical HPA approx 5W
• As a minimum Safety Services compliant (single
  channel voice data)

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Air Transport Requirements

• Compatible with existing High Gain Antennas (HGA)
  and Intermediate Gain Antennas (IGA)
• Require genuine improvements in size, weight,
  cooling and costs
• Simple installation and troubleshooting
• ETOPS 5.5hrs LRCS Certification
• FAA Regulation Change 14 CFR 121.99 proposes to
  have SATCOM or other reliable communication
  source for ETOPS gt180 min (all airplane types)
• Emergency Low Power Mode
• Survivability during passively cooled operations
• SATCOM to be used on non-sheddable power bus

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Roadmap for Datalink Over Aero-BGAN

• Dave Morse

Work funded by Boeing FAA under GCNSS contract
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Motivation of Next Generation SATCOM for ATS

• The majority of credible future ATM operational
  concepts are based, in part, on the negotiation
  and clearance of conflict free 4-D trajectories
• Requires a pervasive air-ground datalink service
  enabling direct communication between ground
  automation systems and the FMC (Flight Management
  Computer)
• Numerous datalink technologies, supported by the
  standards bodies, are competing to become the
  standard
• e.g. CPDLC ATN message set over VDL, DAP over
  1090ES
• FANS over SatCom (and VDL), is currently used
  operationally with application functionality
  similar to the intended end goal
• FANS exhibits certain limitations (latency,
  message delivery reliability, service cost,
  avionics cost, voice service) that can be
  overcome via the next generation Inmarsat system

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Operational Benefits Services
Operational Benefits
CS Services
Focus of GCNSS Operation Analysis

• Reduced separation
• From 30nmi lat. x 30nmi longitudinal
• To 10nmi lat. x 10nmi longitudinal
• Future Operational Concepts
• 4-D trajectory operations
• New AOC IP Based Applications
• Passenger Productivity Entertainment

• ATC seamless voice, party-line voice
• Enhanced ADS
• Reduced latency
• Increased reporting rate
• CPDLC
• Reduced latency
• Increased throughput
• Continuity across spot-beams
• General IP Connectivity
• VoIP interface to on-board micro-cell

Cost / Benefit Justification


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Candidate Areas for Implementations/Trials
Gulf of Mexico / WATRS
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Transition Opportunities for Aero-BGAN
Mid Term
Far Term
Near Term
POA /AOA
ATN VDLm2
ATN VDLm3
Future Terrestrial
Terrestrial
NextGen SatCom
Aero H/I
Aero- BGAN
Aero- BGAN Omni
SatCom
Safety of Life Services (Separation Management)
Beyond 2020
Today
2005
2010
2015
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Separation End Game
Where XltYltZ
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C, N S for Reduced Separation
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Communication and Controller Intervention Latency
Breakdown Documented Proposed Notional

• Uplink time is a small fraction of the latency
  budget
• Voice eliminates message generation time
• Display update time is 3x radar update but can be
  much less for ADS
• The 10nmi/10nmi separation is roughly equivalent
  to en-route VHF
• The 2 min. and 3 min. in these latency budgets do
  not account for the retries that are included in
  the 3 min. and 6 min. allocations in the last
  table

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Voice and Surveillance Over BGAN(Proposed
Concepts)

• Enhanced ADS
• FANS/ATN over IP
• Tunnel FANS/ATN ADS messages through an IP tunnel
  or IP messaging
• Leverage existing ACARS network(s)
• Eases transition by limiting avionics changes
• Party-line Voice
• Voice over IP (IP Multicast)
• Evaluating Operational Concepts
• Reuse SatCom interface into the Audio Control
  Panel
• Controller override
• Multiple options for pilot step-on prevention
  still requiring evaluation

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Follow-on Areas for Implementations/Trials
China FANS Routes (Reducing the need for VHF
Deployment)
NexSAT European
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Avionics Transition Architecture
New or Modified Avionics
Legend
SDU Aero H/H MPDS(IAI)
Analog Voice
Avionics data bus
Satellite
Ethernet 802.3
Optional
FANS Connection

• Tunnel Server ACARS and ATN Encapsulation
  Endpoint
• VoIP Server Convert from analog to digital
  voice suppress echo
• Router Layer 3 Comm

CMU / ACARS MU
Flight Mgmt
Multifunction Control / Display Unit
VHF Data Link
VHF
VHF Voice
VHF
Audio Selector Panel
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Avionics Transition Architecture
New or Modified Avionics
Legend
SDU Aero H/H MPDS(IAI) IAI2
Analog Voice
Avionics data bus
Satellite
Ethernet 802.3
Optional
Backup FANS Connection
VoIP Server

• Tunnel Server ACARS and ATN Encapsulation
  Endpoint
• VoIP Server Convert from analog to digital
  voice suppress echo
• Router Layer 3 Comm

Router (QoS, Policy)
Tunnel Server
CMU / ACARS MU
Flight Mgmt
Multifunction Control / Display Unit
VHF Data Link
VHF
VHF Voice
VHF
Audio Selector Panel
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Avionics Transition Architecture
Optional Avionics
New or Modified Avionics
Legend
Electronic Flight Bag
Other Crew Apps
Passenger Services
SDU Aero H/H MPDS(IAI) IAI2
Analog Voice
Avionics data bus
Satellite
Ethernet 802.3
Optional
Aircraft IP Network(s)
Backup FANS Connection
VoIP Server

• Tunnel Server ACARS and ATN Encapsulation
  Endpoint
• VoIP Server Convert from analog to digital
  voice suppress echo
• Router Layer 3 Comm

Router (QoS, Policy)
Tunnel Server
CMU / ACARS MU
Flight Mgmt
Multifunction Control / Display Unit
VHF Data Link
VHF
VHF Voice
VHF
Audio Selector Panel
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Avionics Transition Architecture
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Conclusions of the Study

• BGAN offers the potential to remedy FANS/ATM
  shortcomings, making enhanced datalink via SatCom
  pervasive
• Avionics cost is a key factor that must be
  addressed early to guarantee success
• Developing a party-line voice service over SatCom
  that is accepted by pilots and controllers will
  likely prove the greatest technical/political
  challenge

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Evaluation Simulation of Inmarsat MPDS/BGAN as
a VoIP Service

• Reviewing and analyzing the proposed Inmarsat PTT
  Net Radio architecture
• Report anticipated in December 2004
• Evaluate technical and cost aspects of proposed
  implementation(s)
• Leverage recent efforts on the FAA GCNSS Contract
• Developed OpNet models of Swift-64 MPDS
• Conducted laboratory experiments and measurement
• Created laboratory emulation for qualitative
  evaluation and general customer education

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NexSAT and Boeing Synergy

• High Level Mission Requirements (HLMR)
• Consistency with Boeing Vision
• Suggested Additional Requirements we will
  submit written comments
• Voice and Data CoS (MACONDO)
• Need analytical operational analysis to justify
  voice and data requirements (availability,
  latency, integrity, etc)
• Additional CoS for Party Line voice could provide
  cost effective solution for oceanic/low density
  regions and ECAC En-route

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Going Forward

• Steve Kong

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Key Considerations

• Satellites are not yet utilized to their
  potential in ATM(only for limited Oceanic
  datalink)
• Satellite based communications Expensive,
  Latency and Equipage....
• Our first step should be to reverse this opinion
• Avionics cost reduction is important but
  cost/value optimization is key
• Competing efforts will be mutually destructive
• Small market segment
• Avionics pricing/volume are key factors
• A key satellite benefit is global reach, we
  cannot show this without a unified global effort

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How Can We Work Together?

• Work with NexSAT to develop a SATCOM operational
  concept (for voice and data) for ECAC airspace,
  drawing on the work of other groups (e.g. VDLm3?)
• Identify the deltas between Aero-BGAN design
  capabilities and operational concept. If
  acceptable
• Consider the Inmarsat Aero-BGAN system as a
  candidate satellite system (Refine HLMR as
  required)
• Boeing is working with industry to define BGAN
  Safety Service requirements. Request NexSAT
  Participation
• Pool resources and expertise to address items
  such as network security, availability and
  regulatory implementations