Telecommunication Models and Network Connectivity

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C H A P T E R
Telecommunication Models and Network Connectivity
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Open Systems Interconnect Model (OSI Model)
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TCP/IP

• TCP/IP
• designed to connect networks
• network of networksInternet.
• based on four-layer reference model

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TCP/IP
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Transport Protocols

• Transport Protocols
• provide for communication sessions between
  computers
• Several popular transport protocols that are used
  today include
• TCP, SPX, NWLink, NetBEUI, ATP

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Network Protocols

• Network protocols
• handles addressing and routing information, error
  checking, and retransmission requests
• defines rules for communicating
• The most popular network protocols today include
  
• IP, IPX, NWLink, NetBEUI, DDP

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Network Topologies

• Networking
• connecting multiple nodes to facilitate
  information sharing
• allows one computer to send information to and
  receive information from another

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Network Topologies

• Two different and distinct topologies
• Physical topology
• refers to the physical layout
• describes how computers connect
• Logical topology
• describes how signals pass
• bus, star, ring

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Physical Topologies

• Bus Topology
• way of connecting nodes on a network
• referred to as daisy chaining
• connected in two different ways
• Thick Ethernet (10Base 5)
• Thinnet (10 Base2)

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Physical Thicknet Topology
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Physical Thinnet Topology
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Physical Ring Topology
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Physical Star Topology
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Logical Topology

• Logical topologies
• describe the way a network transmits information

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Bus Topology

• Bus Topology or Ethernet
• most widely used LAN
• uses a common pathway
• nodes share the same total bandwidth
• sends data in packets or frames

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Data Link Layer for Ethernet
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Token Ring Topology

• Token Ring Topology
• second most popular
• ensures data is transmitted in a strict, orderly
  method
• provides equal access

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Token Ring Network
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Network Connectivity

• connect networks together for maximum use of
  capabilities
• special hardware needed to facilitate
  communication

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Network Connectivity

• Four basic connecting hardware devices
• repeater
• bridge
• router
• gateway

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Network Connectivity
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Network Connectivity Hardware