Diesel Engines

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Diesel Engines

• TRF 210

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History of Diesel Engines

• 1890 Dr Rudolf Diesel had a theory that any fuel
  could be ignited by the heat caused by high
  pressure
• No spark plug or electric ignition system
• Early Diesel engines were big and less powerful
  than spark ignition engines of the time

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History of Diesel Engines cont.

• 1920 Robert Bosch developed a new type of
  mechanical fuel-injection system
• Cars, locomotives, and ocean liners
• Today new smaller light weight engines for use in
  small lawn and garden tractors and other types of
  small equipment

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Diesel Engine Construction

• Mechanically similar to spark-ignition engines
• Diesel engines parts are heaver due to greater
  pressures in the cylinder during combustion
• Piston strokes occur in the same sequence

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Difference between Diesel and Spark-Ignition
Engines

• Diesel engines can be 2 or 4 stroke engines most
  are 4 stroke
• How the fuel is introduced into the cylinder
• How the resulting air fuel mixture is ignited

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The Diesel Cycle

• Intake only air enters the cylinder (intake
  valve open)
• Compression air is compressed as piston moves up
  (intake and exhaust closed)
• Power diesel fuel is injected as piston nears
  TDC (heat of compression ignites fuel) the
  resulting explosion pushes piston down (constant
  pressure combustion)
• Exhaust piston moves up and pushes burned gasses
  out (intake valve closed exhaust open)

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Heat of Compression

• 16-1 ratio creates 500psi
• Increases temperature 2 degrees per psi
• All diesel engines are compression ignition
  engines
• All diesel engines are over head valve engines

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Pressure, temperature, and volume relationship in
a cylinder.
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Diesel Fuel

• Light oil that helps to lubricate engine
• Must burn cleanly producing little ash

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More Diesel Stuff

• Fuel Injection pump
• Injection nozzles
• Glow plugs
• Pre-combustion chambers