Lockpicking

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Lockpicking Physical Security
Deviant Ollamekoparty 2009/09/16
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Who am i ?
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Who am i ?
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Who am i ?
auditing assessments research trainings
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Who am i ?
auditing assessments research trainings
workshops public lectures lockpick
village contests games
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Who am i ?
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Who am i ?
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Who am i ?
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But on to locks
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• Methods of Defeat
• Destructive Entry (Drilling or Cutting)
• Loss of Key Control (Key Theft or Duplication)
  
• Lock Manipulation (Picking or Bypass)

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Destructive Entry
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Non-Destructive Entry
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• Picking Theory
• Lock Components Function
• How Keys Operate
• Opening Without a Key
• Binding Pins
• Setting Pins
• Common Errors

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photo courtesy of datagram
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Pin by Pin
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• Demonstration
• Cross Your Fingers!
• Think No Demonstration Effect
• Common Errors
• Excessive Tension
• Over-lifting

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Raking
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Half-Diamond
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Half-Diamond
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Half-Diamond
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Tensioner Placement
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Its That Simple
Lifting TechniqueRaking TechniqueHybrid
Technique
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Combination Locks
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• Combination Locks
• Show of Hands

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• Combination Locks
• Show of Hands
• Immensely popular in the USA
• Schools
• Gyms
• Etc.

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• Combination Locks
• Show of Hands
• Immensely popular in the USA
• Schools
• Gyms
• Etc.
• These Locks Provide
• Essentially Zero Security

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• Padlock Shims
• Simple
• Cheap
• Commercial
• Do-It-Yourself (DIY)

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DIY Shims - A Real-Life Example
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DIY Shims - A Real-Life Example
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DIY Shims - A Real-Life Example
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DIY Shims - A Real-Life Example
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DIY Shims - A Real-Life Example
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• Combination Locks
• Also possible to decode
• Find the sticking points
• Eliminate half numbers
• Eliminate same numbers
• You have the last number
• Simple math from that point
• Calculation tools available

MasterLock.xls
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• Combination Locks
• Also possible to decode
• Find the sticking points
• Multiple dials stick, too

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Warded Locks
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• Warded Locks
• Inexpensive
• Simple Design
• Popular Outdoors
• Rudimentary Mechanism
• Resists Dirt Fouling
• Internal Latch
• Cant Use Conventional Picks
• However, Other Tools Exist

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• Warded Innards
• Simple latch spring mechanism
• Unlike pin tumblers, where every
• segment of the key is important,
• warded keys have only one
• useful segment
• The rest of the key simply gets in
• in the way

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• Warded Picks
• Store bought
• Homemade
• All very simple

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Tubular Locks
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• Tubular Locks
• Still traditional pin stacks
• Pins simply arranged in
• unconventional pattern
• Need specialized tools
• (well sometimes)

Cormu picking tubular locks Low-tech Kryptonite
bypass
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Dimple Locks
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• Dimple Locks
• Traditional pin stacks
• Horizontal keyway

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• Dimple Locks
• Traditional pin stacks
• Horizontal keyway
• Nearly impossible to
• insert usual pick tools

dev
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• Dimple Locks
• Traditional pin stacks
• Horizontal keyway
• Nearly impossible to
• insert usual pick tools
• Other means to bypass
• Impressioning
• Bump keying

Barry Wels Laz impressioning a dimple lock
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Wafer Locks
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• Wafer Locks
• Compact Design
• Popular in cars, cabinets
• Totally Different Mechanism
• No pin tumblers
• Difficult to pick traditionally
• Raking and jiggling attacks

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Lever Locks
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• Lever Locks
• Long-Standing
• Some of the very first metal locks
• No major changes for centuries
• Sometimes Very Strong
• Supremely tough springs
• Use of teeth to prevent picking
• Common in safe deposit boxes

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Lever Locks
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Lever Locks
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Lever Locks
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• Lever Locks
• Often simple picking
• Just takes a lot of effort
• Sometimes special tools
• High-security levers are
• all but impossible

Picking lever locks
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Bumping
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• The Bump Key Attack
• Popping a lock open with a special key
• Takes little skill, almost no training, no
  special tools
• Vast number of locks are vulnerable
• The media (and public) is finally taking notice
• Exploit closely related to physics of a pick gun
• Best explained via billiard ball analogy

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• The Bump Key Attack
• Modifying a key designed for the lock
• Not necessarily a key that opens the lock
• Just a key that fits the keyway of the lock
• Cut all notches to the deepest bitting depth
• Professional key machine, grinder, dremel, etc.

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The Bump Key Attack
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The Bump Key Attack
http//toool.nl/bumping.pdf
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• The Bump Key Attack
• Modifying the key
• Cutting points

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• The Bump Key Attack
• Modifying the key
• Cutting points
• Cutting depths

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The Bump Key Attack
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The Bump Key Attack
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The Bump Key Attack
Make your own keys sloppily? Not to worry they
self-align.
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The Bump Key Attack
photos courtesy of datagram
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Are all locks this simple? What can we do?
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Are all locks this simple? What can we do?
Not to worry better security exists.
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Better Security
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• High-Security Features
• Advanced Keyways
• Unshimmable Padlocks
• Pick-Resistant Pins
• Auxiliary Locking Systems
• Rotating Disk Mechanisms
• Magnetic Key Designs
• Unimpressionable Keys
• Bump-Resistant Locks

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• Advanced Keyways
• Simple straight and wide

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• Advanced Keyways
• Simple straight and wide
• Medium straight but narrow

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• Advanced Keyways
• Simple straight and wide
• Medium straight but narrow
• Complex thinner and curvy

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• Advanced Keyways
• Simple straight and wide
• Medium straight but narrow
• Complex thinner and curvy
• Harder lots of angles

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• Advanced Keyways
• Simple straight and wide
• Medium straight but narrow
• Complex thinner and curvy
• Harder lots of angles
• Fiendish overlapping wards

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Un-Shimmable Padlocks
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• Pick-Resistant Pins
• Spool

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• Pick-Resistant Pins
• Spool

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• Pick-Resistant Pins
• Spool
• Mushroom

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• Pick-Resistant Pins
• Spool
• Mushroom
• Serrated

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• Pick-Resistant Pins
• Spool
• Mushroom
• Serrated

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• Pick-Resistant Pins
• Spool
• Mushroom
• Serrated

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• Side Bars
• Similar to side pins
• Restrict plug movement
• Harder to pick
• than pin stacks

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Side Bar Finger Pins
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Side Bar Finger Pins
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Side Bar Finger PinsSchlage Primus
1430
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Side Bar Sliders
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Side Bar Sliders
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• Rotating Disks
• Tremendous Security
• Mimics a safe lock
• Very Difficult To Pick
• Takes much time and great skill
• Specialized tools required

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• Rotating Disks
• Tremendous Security
• Mimics a safe lock
• Very Difficult To Pick
• Takes much time and great skill
• Specialized tools required
• Two-in-One Tool
• Manipulates disks individually
• John Falle, English safecracker
• Decodes cut positions

Barry Wels picking a rotating disk lock with Mike
Glasser
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• Rotating Disks
• Abloy Protec
• Not just rotating disks
• Disk blocking mechanism
• False cuts everywhere
• Unpickable?
• Closest I ever come to using that word
• Two-in-one tools cannot be used

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• Magnetic Locks
• Miwa
• Japanese company
• Array of magnetic pins
• Simple North / South
• Evva MCS
• Austrian company
• Axial-rotated magnets
• Interaction with sidebar

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• Evva Magnetic Code System
• Possibly most duplication-resistant lock out
  there

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How to Stop Bumping
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• Countermeasures to Bumping
• Some sidebars rock
• Slider-based sidebars
• Rotating Disk locks (Abloy clones)
• Magnetic Key systems (Evva MCS)
• Other sidebars do not always help
• geographically exploitable systems
• Medeco Mul-T-Lock can be bumped
• even my beloved Schlage Primus?? Say it aint
  so!
• Simpler Approaches
• Trap Pins
• Shallow Drilling
• Joined Pins
• Top Gapping
• Fluids Gels

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Trap Pins
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Trap Pins Normal Key Operation
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Trap Pins Attempt Without a Key
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• Trap Pins
• A Double-Edged Sword
• Absolute evidence of any
• any attempted pick or bypass
• Only one course of action
• after trap pins have fired
• Remove lock from door and
• replace with a new one
• Shallow drilling is simpler and
• offers more elegant protection

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Shallow Drilling Normal pin stack chambers being
drilled
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Shallow Drilling Notice the difference with
shallow drilling
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Shallow Drilling Pin stacks have differing
heights in their default position
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Shallow Drilling Attempts at bumping will fail,
not all pins touch the key
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Shallow Drilling No easy, outward evidence of
this protection
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Shallow Drilling Conceivably possible to examine
for shallow stacks
but what then, carry a whole ring of bump keys?
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Joining Pins Mechanically or Magnetically
Corbin Emhart
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Top gapping This design offers the most promise
for fully hardening basic pin tumbler locks
against the bump key attack.
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Top gapping Master Lock has published on this
topic and begun equipping locks with specialized
top pins. Look for part numbers ending with the
letter N or ask a locksmith.
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Ilcos Design Ilco (maker of many aftermarket
lock parts, keys, etc) has created their own
anti-bump top pin
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Ilcos Design Ilco (maker of many aftermarket
lock parts, keys, etc) has created their own
anti-bump top pin
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Ilcos Design Ilco (maker of many aftermarket
lock parts, keys, etc) has created their own
anti-bump top pin
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Kwikset? When even this company is making locks
designed to prevent bump keying, its finally
gotten proper attention pity
that their new lock design is flawed.
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• What locks have these countermeasures?
• Short answer very few, at least at present
• Trap Pins MC (Mitchel Collin)
  "Antiklop" model
• Shallow Drilling CES (Carl Eduard Schulte)
  VA5 VB7 models
• Joining Pins Corbin Emhart (no longer
  sold)
• Top Gapping Master Lock / American Lock
  (retail or re-pinned)

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• Fluids Gels
• Pickbuster
• Invented by Mark Garratt
• Distributed by Almore
• based in Pontypridd, Wales
• Impedes Pin Movement
• Mixed Industry Reaction
• Pros inexpensive, simple, bump resistant
• Cons not permanent, not perfect, and...
• Significant concern about fouling
• Weigh Costs and Benefits Yourself

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• A Word About Lubricants
• Three Main Kinds
• Wet (Oil, Silicone)
• Dry (Graphite)
• Drying (WD-40)
• Different Products for
• Different Situations
• Considerations
• Precision mechanisms
• Dirt other fouling
• How much you care about the lock
• When to use which product

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• Large Facilities
• Unique concerns
• Key management
• Varied permissions

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Mastering
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• Master Key Theory
• Remember standard
• pin tumbler stacks?
• Same operation, with extra
• pin (or wafer) in the middle
• Potential for varied
• levels of clearance
• Also potential for many
• additional shear lines

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Master Pinning
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Master Pinning Users Change Key
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Master Pinning Top Master Key
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Master Pinning Imagine a crafty user
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Master Pinning They modify their key it doesnt
open
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Master Pinning They modify their key it doesnt
open
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Master Pinning They modify their key it doesnt
open
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Master Pinning They modify their key suddenly it
opens!
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Master Pinning This last chamber is now at the
master height
http//www.crypto.com/papers/mk.pdf
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Master Pinning This bitting can be measured
http//www.crypto.com/papers/mk.pdf
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Master Pinning This is how intermediate master
keying works
Keep in mind in a large, mastered facility all
doors have within them the full top master
pinning. Compromise of any single door can give
access everywhere.
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SFIC Locks
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• SFIC Locks
• Small Format
• Interchangeable Core
• BEST
• Yale
• Others
• Easy to Manage
• Plug and pins all eject as
• a single, contained unit
• Hard to Pick
• Multiple independent shear lines
• Keyways are worse than any nightmares you could
  find at
• the bottom of a bottle or at the hands of the
  U.S. Congress

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• SFIC Locks
• Very popular in large institutions
• Cores remove with a control key
• Two independent shear lines
• Raising pins to one level allows
• plug to rotate freely
• Raising pins to other shear line
• locks plug and control sleeve together
• and they turn as one, either exposing
• or retracting cores retaining tab
• Picking attempts typically fail with standard
  tools
• Tension binds across both shear lines

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SFIC Locks Pin Stacks
top pins
control pins
bottom pins
core housing
control sleeve
plug
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SFIC Locks Operating Key
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SFIC Locks Control Key
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• SFIC Locks
• Normal picking attempts typically fail
• Tension binds across both shear lines
• Extremely likely to set pins in various places

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• SFIC Locks
• There are specialized tools
• Torsion wrench with fingers puts pressure on
  only one shear line
• Still very difficult, however, due to tight
  tolerances and keyways

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• SFIC Locks
• Matt Blazes modified sleeve
• Nothing for specialized finger wrench to grab

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• SFIC Locks
• New BEST design
• I believe the locks are manufactured this way now

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Elevators
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Key Control
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• Key Control
• Using Restricted Keyways
• Patent Law to Restrict Blanks
• EZ Entrie Machine
• Side Milling, etc. cant be duplicated as
  easily
• Rotating disks, esp. Primus, are even
  harder
• Interactive keys Nearly impossible
• Magnetic keys? Virtually inconceivable

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Police Locks
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Physical Security at its Most Basic
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Handcuffs
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• Handcuffs
• Simple mechanism

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• Handcuffs
• Simple mechanism
• Pawl arm

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• Handcuffs
• Simple mechanism
• Pawl arm
• Ratchet latch

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• Handcuffs
• Simple mechanism
• Pawl arm
• Ratchet latch
• Spring

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• Handcuffs
• Simple mechanism
• Pawl arm
• Ratchet latch
• Spring
• Double lock bar

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• Handcuffs
• Simple mechanism
• Pawl arm
• Ratchet latch
• Spring
• Double lock bar

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• Handcuffs
• Simple mechanism
• Pawl arm
• Ratchet latch
• Spring
• Double lock bar
• Simple operation
• Opening closing
• Shimming
• Deviants Escape
• Rendermans Escape
• Double lock

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• Gun Locks
• Trigger Locks
• Slide/Action Locks
• What they are
• and what they are not

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• Trigger Locks
• Typically offered
• in two models
• Bad and
• Colossally Bad
• Many vendors, all essentially
• exploring these two designs

Deviant bypassing a particularly bad trigger lock
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Trigger Locks Colossally Bad Models
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• Slide/Action Locks
• Improved design, but still potentially weak
• Much depends on the quality of the lock itself

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• Gun Locks
• These are locks to stop
• accidents with children
• These are NOT
• theft deterrents
• These are NOT designed
• to thwart criminals
• Kids are smarter
• than you think
• Consider a safe or
• a locking cabinet

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Safes
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• Safes
• Mechanism Operation
• Wheels
• Gates
• Fence
• Nose
• Cam

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photos courtesy of Don the Shadow
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photos courtesy of Don the Shadow
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photos courtesy of Don the Shadow
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photos courtesy of Don the Shadow
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photos courtesy of Don the Shadow
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photos courtesy of Don the Shadow
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photos courtesy of Don the Shadow
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• Safes
• Mechanism Operation
• Wheels, Gates, a Fence
• Insurance Ratings
• Underwriters Labs (TL, TRTL, TXTL )

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• Safes
• Mechanism Operation
• Wheels, Gates, a Fence
• Insurance Ratings
• Underwriters Labs (TL, TRTL, TXTL )

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• Safes
• Mechanism Operation
• Wheels, Gates, a Fence
• Insurance Ratings
• Underwriters Labs (TL, TRTL, TXTL )

photo courtesy of Barry Wels
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• Safes
• Mechanism Operation
• Wheels, Gates, a Fence
• Insurance Ratings
• Underwriters Labs (TL, TRTL, TXTL )

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• Safes
• Mechanism Operation
• Wheels, Gates, a Fence
• Insurance Ratings
• Underwriters Labs (TL, TRTL, TXTL )

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• Safes
• Mechanism Operation
• Wheels, Gates, a Fence
• Insurance Ratings
• Underwriters Labs (TL, TRTL, TXTL )

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• Safes
• Mechanism Operation
• Wheels, Gates, a Fence
• Insurance Ratings
• Underwriters Labs (TL, TRTL, TXTL )
• Compromise
• Manual or Robotic Manipulation

photo courtesy of Barry Wels
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• Safes
• Mechanism Operation
• Wheels, Gates, a Fence
• Insurance Ratings
• Underwriters Labs (TL, TRTL, TXTL )
• Compromise
• Manual or Robotic Manipulation
• Manipulation-Proof Safes (SG 8400)

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• Safes
• Mechanism Operation
• Wheels, Gates, a Fence
• Insurance Ratings
• Underwriters Labs (TL, TRTL, TXTL )
• Compromise
• Manual or Robotic Manipulation
• Manipulation-Proof Safes (SG 8400)
• Electronic Kaba Mas Hamilton X-series

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• Safes
• Mechanism Operation
• Wheels, Gates, a Fence
• Insurance Ratings
• Underwriters Labs (TL, TRTL, TXTL )
• Compromise
• Manual or Robotic Manipulation
• Manipulation-Proof Safes (SG 8400)
• Electronic Kaba Mas Hamilton X-series
• Fire Safes
• Often terribly weak hardware
• Also not typically rated for electronic media
• Hotel Safes
• Hit or Miss

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Electronic Locks
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• Electrical Systems Common Weaknesses
• Hotel safes
• Deadbolts
• Access control systems
• Magnetic door locks
• Passive IR sensors

Malaysian Hotel (240) Major Malfunction (100)
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Electrical Systems Common Weaknesses (Adding
electricity to something isnt a panacea)
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Electrical Systems Common Weaknesses (Adding
electricity to something isnt a panacea)
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Electrical Systems Common Weaknesses (Adding
electricity to something isnt a panacea)
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A problematic access control door
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A problematic access control door
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Magnetic door and window systems
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Magnetic door and window systems
wiring protected? fail open or shut?
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Is this a good access control device?
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Is this a good access control device?
numbers worn off? default code perhaps? observe
operation?
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Is this a good access control device?
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Is this a good access control device?
can you fake it? tied to other token? what
wiring behind?
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Access control systems
1000
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Access control systems
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Access control systems
ethernet
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Access control systems
ethernet
serial or plain copper
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Zac Franken the Gecko project
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• Adding electricity isnt a panacea
• Does it fail safe or fail open?
• Electromagnets need power
• Dealing with fire codes, etc
• Is it layers of security or two routes of
  access?
• Wired in series or parallel, as it were
• How well versed are the manufacturers?
• Often theyre good at either locks or electronics

1045
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• Adding electricity isnt a panacea
• Making the leap from electrons to metal
• Often the low-tech attacks are most risky
• Exit systems
• Conan approach

Winkhaus Blue Chip (242)
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• Adding electricity isnt a panacea
• Making the leap from electrons to metal

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• Adding electricity isnt a panacea
• Making the leap from electrons to metal
• Maybe just add more metal instead

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Data Leaks
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Beware of Information Leakage
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Beware of Information Leakage
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Beware of Information Leakage
1100
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Forensics
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Forensic Evidence
1115
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Forensic Evidence
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Forensic Evidence
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Forensic Evidence
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Forensic Evidence 250 uses
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Forensic Evidence 1500 uses
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Forensic Evidence 5000 uses
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Forensic Evidence 250 uses
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Forensic Evidence 1500 uses
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Forensic Evidence 5000 uses
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Forensic Evidence
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Forensic Evidence
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Forensic Evidence
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Forensic Evidence
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Forensic Evidence
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Forensic Evidence - picking
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Forensic Evidence - raking
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Forensic Evidence - both
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Forensic Evidence ugh
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Forensic Evidence leet
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Forensic Evidence
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Forensic Evidence pin sides
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Forensic Evidence
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Forensic Evidence
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Forensic Evidence tail cam
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Forensic Evidence
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Forensic Evidence
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Forensic Evidence
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Forensic Evidence
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Forensic Evidence
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Forensic Evidence
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Forensic Evidence - bumping
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Forensic Evidence bumping
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Forensic Evidence
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Forensic Evidence
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Forensic Evidence
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Forensic Evidence Impressioning
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• Forensic Evidence
• Sometimes MAJOR insurance implications
• Suspect something fishy?
• Dont compromise the scene
• Contact a professional
• Forensic Locksmith vs. Yellow-Pages Locksmith
• Having newer locks matters
• Age makes for a mess, internally
• Also your locks should be updated as a matter
  of routine

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Real World Security
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• Security in the Real World
• Technical Finesse or Brute Force
• Which is more common?
• Common criminals do not pick locks
• A 100 lock in a 10 door is little help
• Doors
• Solid-core, heavy material
• Heavy hinges, screws deep into frame
• Deadbolts with round core(s)
• Windows
• Break glass to reach knobs
• Shatterproof film
• Visibility
• Motion-sensing lights
• Keep bushes trees trimmed

Window Latch
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basic locks
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resistant locks
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high security
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unpickable
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protecting against force or finesse?
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Security is only as effective
as the person using it
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• A Security Fable
• American 700 Padlock
• Solid design
• Serrated pins
• Interchangeable cores

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• A Security Fable
• American 700 Padlock
• Solid design
• Serrated pins
• Interchangeable cores
• Core Operation
• Back of plug half circle
• Control cylinder quarter circle

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• A Security Fable
• American 700 Padlock
• Solid design
• Serrated pins
• Interchangeable cores
• Core Operation
• Back of plug half circle
• Control cylinder quarter circle
• Peterson Bypass Tool
• Slips all the way through core
• Interacts with control cylinder directly

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• A Security Fable
• American 700 Padlock
• Solid design
• Serrated pins
• Interchangeable cores
• Core Operation
• Back of plug half circle
• Control cylinder quarter circle
• Peterson Bypass Tool
• Slips all the way through core
• Interacts with control cylinder directly
• Security Wafer

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• A Security Fable
• American 700 Padlock
• Solid design
• Serrated pins
• Interchangeable cores
• Core Operation
• Back of plug half circle
• Control cylinder quarter circle
• Peterson Bypass Tool
• Slips all the way through core
• Interacts with control cylinder directly
• Security Wafer
• Wafer Breaker Tools

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• A Security Fable
• American 700 Padlock
• Solid design
• Serrated pins
• Interchangeable cores
• Core Operation
• Back of plug half circle
• Control cylinder quarter circle
• Peterson Bypass Tool
• Slips all the way through core
• Interacts with control cylinder directly
• Security Wafer
• Wafer Breaker Tools

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• A Security Fable
• American 700 Padlock
• Solid design
• Serrated pins
• Interchangeable cores
• Core Operation
• Back of plug half circle
• Control cylinder quarter circle
• Peterson Bypass Tool
• Slips all the way through core
• Interacts with control cylinder directly
• Security Wafer
• Wafer Breaker Tools
• Shackeless Padlock the American 2000

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Thank you so much. Thank you to TOOOL.us,
TOOOL.nl, mouse, Dave, Steve, JVR, Mr. E, Barry
Han, Laz, valanx the FOOLS, Matt Blaze,
jackalope, calypso, renderman, Bruce Heidi
and thank you so so much to Daisy Belle! D
334
Security is only as effective
as the person using it
335

• So which locks are which?
• Unpickable
• Protec
• MCS (magnetic)
• MT5 and MT5
• Electronic Safe
  Dials
• High Security
• Granit Diskus
• Armory Locks, Safes
• 3KS (sliders)
• Primus (if done properly)
• Resistant
• Padlocks (heavy duty
  models)
• Interchangeable Cores (modern)

http//deviating.net/lockpicking