Lecture 1: Introduction Course: Introduction to Computing

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Lecture 1 IntroductionCourse Introduction to
Computing

• Assistant Prof Zaka Ul-Mustafa

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Contacts and queries

• Only in class room.
• However you may visit me in my Office (Faculty
  offices, in old telecom building) during Student
  Teacher interaction.

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Office Hours

• Thursday 0945 --- 1035

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Course Website

• Web Site sites.google.com/site/coursesbyzaka
• The website contains
• Lecture Slides
• Assignments
• Quizzes.

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General Guidelines

• Understand the difference between Annual and
  semester system as quickly as possible
• Understand that as opposed to annual system
  semester system demands continuous effort
• Start working on projects/assignments right from
  the first day.
• Come prepared in the class
• Read book (s)
• Remain attentive during the class. Ask questions.
• I will ask questions very often
• Maintain proper discipline in the class. I will
  be very strict on disciplinary matters

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Tentative Grading

• Sessional 20
• Midterm 30
• Final 50

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Academic Honesty

• All parties involved in any kind of cheating in
  any exam will get zero in that exam
• Habitual cheaters will get zero in all
  assignments/projects. This may lead to a course
  failure.
• Cheating punishment may become more strict

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• So Lets start the Course.

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What is a Computer??

• Computers are electronic devices that can follow
  instructions to
• Accept input
• Process that input
• Produce information
• Alternatively, a computer is a device capable of
  performing calculations and making logical
  decisions at speeds millions, and even billions,
  of times faster than human beings can.

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What is a Computer??

• For example
• Many of todays Personal Computers can perform
  tens of millions of additions per second.
• A person operating a desk calculator might
  require decades to complete the same number of
  calculations a powerful personal computer can
  perform in one second.
• Supercomputers can perform hundreds of billions
  of additions per second.
• And trillions-instructions per second computer
  are already functioning in research laboratories.

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What is Computer
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Basics of Computer
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A Typical Computer System
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What does a Computer Do?

• Computers can perform four general operations,
  which comprise the information processing cycle.
• Input
• Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Network/Internet, Cell
  phones etc
• Process
• Software
• Output
• Monitor, Printer etc
• Storage
• RAM, Hard disk, Floppy Disk, CD/DVD, Flash Disk
  etc

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Data vs. Information

• Data is a collection of raw facts, figures and
  symbols, such as numbers, words, images, video
  and sound.
• Information is data that is organized,
  meaningful, and useful.
• Computer takes data as input and process it to
  form information

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Software vs. Hardware

• A computer is an electronic device, operating
  under the control of instructions (software)
• Instructions are stored in its computers own
  memory unit
• Hardware is Tangible

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How Does a Computer Know what to do?

• A detailed list of instructions called a Computer
  Program or Software tells computer exactly what
  to do.
• Before processing a specific job, the computer
  program corresponding to that job must be stored
  in memory (RAM).
• Once the program is stored in memory the computer
  can start the operation by executing the program
  instructions one after the other.

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Storage Devices

• RAM (Random Access Memory)
• Memory also called Random Access Memory or RAM
  (temporary memory) is the main memory of the
  computer.
• Data in the RAM is lost when you turned off your
  computer.
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
• ROM can store information a much larger in size
  than RAM.
• Slower than RAM.
• Other Storage Devices

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Post Class Activity

• Find the differences between
• Hardware and Software
• Data and Information
• ROM and RAM

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Types of computers

• Analog Vs Digital computers
• Computers used by single person, groups of people
  or without a person.
• Even within one category they can be further
  classified based on their POWER, price type of
  hardware/software being used.

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Computers for individual users (PCs)Microcomputer
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• Desktop computers
• Workstations
• Notepad computers
• Tablet Computers
• handheld
• Smart phones

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PCs

• Generally, the term PC refers to Desktop
  computers
• They have become integral part for learning, work
  and Play
• Not meant for moving around
• Two common designs

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Workstations

• Systems with more than features more than those
  of standard desktop computers.
• Popular among Scientists and engineers.
• Generally have high resolution monitors or
  accelarated graphic handling capabilities which
  makes them suitable for animation purposes.

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Notebook computers

• As their name refers that they are of small size.
  Can be carried in briefcases.
• Laptops ?
• Can operate on Ac or specialized batteries.

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Tablet PC

• Newest development in portable full featured Pcs
• Same as notebook PC but they are lighter
• Accepts input from stylus or a special pen.
• Some model can also be connected to keyboard and
  full-size monitors.

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Handheld Pcs
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• THANK YOU