ST FRANCIS

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ST FRANCIS

• FOUNDER OF
• THREE ORDERS

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THREE ORDERSCelano To all he gave a norm of
life.

• FRIARS MINOR
• POOR LADIES
• ORDER OF PENANCE

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TRIPLE ARMY

• Clergy, Religious, Laity
• or
• Friars, Clares, Penitents

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FRIARS MINOR

• Francis lived the life
• He wrote the Rule (1223)
• Rule sealed by
• Honorius III

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POOR LADIES

• Clare lived the life
• She wrote the Rule (1253)
• Rule sealed by
• Innocent IV
• (Francis established their form of life)

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ORDER OF PENITENTS

• THIRD ORDER SECULAR AND REGULAR
• Francis not secular after 1205
• He did not write the Rule (1289)
• Rule sealed by
• Nicholas IV

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FOUNDER OF HIS PENITENTS

• Benedict XV (1921)
• Founder and legislator
• Questions
• True and direct Founder?
• Directed existing movement?

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FOUNDER

• Verified by
• Letters of St Francis
• Franciscan Sources

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LETTERS

• St Francis wrote to All the faithful
• First Letter (1215)
• Second Letter (1221)

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FRANCISCAN SOURCES

• Thomas of Celano (1228)
• Gregory IX (1228)
• Julian of Speyer (1231)
• St Bonaventure (1260)
• Others

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ORDER OF PENITENTS

• St Francis was
• Influential in its foundation
• Its reference and focal point
• Its organizer, teacher, author
• Its institutor, father, founder