Largescale integration of wind into the Danish power system

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Large-scale integration of wind into the Danish
power system
Peter Børre Eriksen Energinet.dk
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Outline of presentation

• Energinet.dk in brief
• The Danish power system
• Status and main figures
• Integration of wind and local scale CHP
• Development since the 1980s
• Need for regulating power
• Better wind power forecasts
• From passive to active local grids
• New system architecture
• RD needed to integrate more wind
• New power system design
• Summary and conclusion regarding further wind
  power integration

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Energinet.dk in brief
Energinet.dk in brief

• National transmission system operator for
  electricity and gas
• Merger between Elkraft, Eltra and Gastra
• Established on the basis of Act on Energinet
  Denmark of 14 December 2004
• Formed in August 2005 with retrospective effect
  as from 1 January 2005
• Owned by the Danish state under the Ministry of
  Transport and Energy
• Own Supervisory Board

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Production, transmission and consumption
Status and main figures
1000 MW DC
720 MW DC
Two synchronous areas
West
1700/1300 MW AC
Consumption 1200 - 3650 MW Central power plants
3400 MW Local CHP units (a. 700)
1600 MW Wind turbines (a. 5000) 2400 MW
East
Consumption 800 - 2700 MW Central power plants
4000 MW Local CHP units
600 MW Wind turbines 750 MW
Sverige
60 kV
1200/800 MW AC
600 MW DC
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Development since the 1980s
From centralised to decentralised power system
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Animation of capacity development in DK
Development since the 1980s
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The 8 January 2005 storm
Need for regulating power
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Case 1 January 2005
Need for regulating power (upwards, DK-west)
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On regulating power
Need for regulating power

• Foreign resources from Norway/Sweden seem to be
  more volatile than domestic resources
• Due to transit June is generally a month with
  very limited access to foreign up-regulating
  capacity from Norway/Sweden
• Securing access to Nordic foreign resources costs
  transfer capacity in spot market
• Domestic resources should be developed and
  mobilized
• Local CHP plants have considerable regulating
  potentials not started to be utilized in Denmark
  until the beginning of 2005
• DG requires new methods for calculating the
  necessary amount of spinning reserves
• Therefore, advanced studies in the probabilistic
  nature of different sources of reserves are
  highly desirable

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The 8 Jan. 2005 storm in Denmark (west)Wind
Power forecasts compared to measurements
Wind power forecasting
MW
2500
2005-01-07 1612
2000
2005-01-07 2027
2005-01-07 2149
1500
2005-01-08 1314
1000
2005-01-08 1446
Settlement
500
Online
0
0000
0200
0400
0600
0800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
0000
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The challenge of wind power forecasting
Wind power forecasting
fresh breeze means something between 200 and
1600 MW
A deviation of just /? 1 m/s may have an impact
of /? 320 MW (with 2,400 MW installed capacity
of wind)
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Forecast generated at 1200 (48 hours horizon)
Wind power forecasting

• Probability distribution is indicated by grey
  colours
• White curve
• average
• Black dotted curve
• measurements (EDOS)

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From passive to active local grids
Data from local grids on generation, load and
grid configuration are required for accurate
system analyses
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What Went Wrong?
From passive to active local grids

• System control gradually developed for
  centralised generation
• Distributed generation is not the problem
• but the DG penetration was very fast, and
  electricity market and power system control have
  not been changed correspondingly
• System architecture must be redesigned for DG
• In Denmark local CHP can contribute decisively to
  system balance and security

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Communication, a key to the future
New system architecture
TSO
Limited access to data for neighbouring TSOs and
for local DSOs
Distributed generation and long-distance
transfers require better access to relevant
data, both horizontally and vertically
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RD needed for the integration of more DG
RD needed for integration of more DG

• Traditional system control, designed for a
  centralized power system, is very unsuited for
  distributed generation
• DG requires distributed control and advanced
  communications
• Several very promising initiatives worldwide
• EU Energy Research
• Cluster of projects for Integration of Renewable
  Energy Sources and Distributed generation
• Epri (USA)
• The Intelligrid project
• DOE (USA)
• The Gridwise project

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Principles for Modern Power System Design
New power system design

• Use of market price signals in system control
• facilitating optimal dynamic allocation of
  resources
• Flexible operation of all thermal units
• even the smallest ones
• Price responsive electricity demand
• including new electricity applications
• A new power system architecture
• integrating local grids and end consumers in
  system operation
• Efficient cross border trade
• supported by international market places or
  market couplings
• Strong interconnections between countries
• and harmonized grid codes and connection rules

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Summary/conclusion regarding further wind power
integration

• The high amount of DG calls for new solutions of
  system control and system architecture (from
  passive to active local grids)
• Domestic resources of regulation/ancillary
  service should be developed and mobilized (local
  scale CHP has a large potential)
• The demand side must be better utilised in both
  spot and real-time markets (price responsive
  demand, electrical boilers, heat pumps)
• Need for better wind power forecasts (being
  developed)
• Need for more transmission lines out of Denmark
• Better international cooperation and
  harmonization (grid codes/connection rules)
• More International cooperation on RD
• The long term perspective could be
• large scale renewable production (wind, solar,
  micro CHP) with hydrygen as energy carrier?

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Hydrogen as energy carrier in Denmark ?

H2O
H2O
H2-storage
Immersion heater (district heating)
CHP plant

Natural gas network
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• www.energinet.dk

Horns Rev