Introduction to System Analysis and Design

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Chapter 1
Introduction to System Analysis and Design
Information Data that has been changed into
useful from of output. Task of changing data
into information call processing Information
system has 5 key components 1. Hardware 2.
Software 3. Data 4. Processes 5.
People
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• Hardware
• refers to the physical layer of the information
  system
• includes computers, networks, communications
  equipment,
• digital capture devices and
• other technology-based infrastructure

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• 2. Software
• System software controls the computer, operating
  system, device drivers , utilities that handle
  tasks 
• Application software consists of programs that
  support users and enable companies to carry out
  business functions
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• Application software      
• In-house application -
• develops by the companys IT department.
• Software package -
• purchasing from an outside vender that develops
  for sells.
• Horizontal system basic system
• Vertical system designed to meet the
  unique requirement

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3. Data An information system transforms data
into useful information 4. Process or Procedure
support a specific business model are
described in written documentation manuals and
online reference material  
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• 5. People
• Users (end users)
• - Employees, Customers,Venders
• and others who interact with an
• information system.
• Internal users - Managers, Technicians,
  Sales Reps and Corporate Officers
• External users - Customers, Suppliers

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• Information systems must fulfill business needs
  and support company objectives.
• The success or failure of a system usually
  depends on whether users are satisfies with the
  systems output and operations
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• Information technology (IT)
• is a combination of
•      Hardware
•      Software
•      Telecommunication systems
• that support operations,
• improve productivity and
• help managers make decision
• A key part of IT involves systems analysis and
  design
•  
• Systems analyst working in the IT department

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• Business profiles
• A business profile defines a companys overall
  functions, processes, organization, products,
  services, customers, suppliers, competitors,
  constraints and future direction
• Business model
• Graphically represents business functions that
  consist of business process
• Business process
• Describes specific events, tasks and desired
  results

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• Categories of Companies
• Production-oriented
• sell product
• Service-oriented
• offer information or service
• Internet-dependent firm
• The growth of electronic commerce (e-commerce)
  
• - B2C (business-to-consumer)
• - B2B (business-to-business)

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• Type of business information systems
• Office systems
• - administrative staff
• Operating systems
• - operational personnel
• Management information systems
• - lower and middle-level managers
• Executive information systems
• - top managers
• Decision support systems
• - business planners
• Expert systems
• - control complex process or diagnose problem

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Enterprise computing systems Refers to
information systems that support
company-wide data management requirements Enterpri
se Resource Planning (ERP) Transaction
processing systems Transaction processing (TP)
systems and Online transaction processing (OLTP)
systems called operational systems because
process data generated by day-to-day business
operations
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Business support systems (BSS) provide
job-related information support to users produce
valuable information, employee at all level need
information to perform their job and rely on
information systems called Management
information system (MISs) User productivity
systems Provide employees at all organizational
levels with a wide array of tools that can
improve quality and job performance Information
systems integration Combine enterprise computing,
transaction processing, business support,
knowledge management and user productivity
features
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Organizational Structure
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• Top management
• Develop long-range plan called strategic plan
• - Define the companys overall mission and
  goals
• - The companys future survival and growth
• including long-term IT plans.
• Need information from outside the company
• such as
• - Economic forecasts
• - Technology trends
• - Competitive threats
• - Governmental issues
• - Shareholder concerns

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• Middle management
• - Focus their goals on a shorter time frame,
• usually ranging from one month to one year
• Develop plans to achieve business objectives in
• a process called tactical planning
• Provide direction, necessary resources and
  feedback
• on performance as task are completed.

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• Lower management
• Oversee employees and carry out day-to-day
  operational plans.
• Ensure the right tools, materials and training
  are available
• - Coordinate operational tasks, make necessary
  decision

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• Operational employees
• - Enter and receive data to perform their jobs
• - Need information to handle tasks
• Make decision that were assigned previously to
• supervisor called empowerment
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• Systems Development Techniques and Tools
• Modeling
• Prototyping
• Computer-Aided Systems Engineering
• Application Development
• Other tools

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Modeling Graphical representation of a concept
or process that system developer can analyze,
test and modify Prototyping involves the
creation of an early working version of the
information systems or its components
Computer-Aided Systems Engineering - CASE
tools Technique that uses powerful programs to
help systems analysts develop and maintain
information systems
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Joint Application Development - JAD Rapid
Application Development - RAD System development
teams composed of IT staff, users and managers
could complete their work more rapidly and
produce better results Microsoft VISIO
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System development methodologies     Structured
Analysis     Object Oriented
Analysis Structured Analysis Process-centered
technique Uses a series of phases call system
development life cycle to plan, analyze,
design, implement and support information
system Object Oriented Analysis O-O Combines
data and process that act on the data into things
called objects
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• The Systems Development Life Cycle
• Systems Planning
• Systems Analysis
• Systems Design
• Systems Implementation
• Systems Operation and Support

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• 1. Systems planning
• Describes problems or desired changes in an
  information system or a business process
• 2. Systems Analysis
• Understand business requirements and build a
  logical model
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• 3. Systems Design
• Create a blueprint for the new system
• Identify all necessary outputs, inputs, interface
  
• and process
• Design internal and external control
• Present to management and users for their review
• and approval

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• 4. Systems Implementation
• Program coding, systems test, install, training
  users
• 5. Systems Operation and Support
• Maintain and enhances the system

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Information Technology Department develops and
maintains a companys information systems   IT
Group / Technical Support people with
specialized skills to provide information systems
support
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• Typical IT Organization includes six main
  functions
• Application Development
• Handle information system design, development and
  implementation
• System Support
• Provide hardware and software
• User Support Help Desk or Information Center
  (IC)
• Provide users with technical information,
  training and productivity support

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• Database Administration
• Database design, management, security, backup
  and
• user access
• Network Administration
• Control user access, network administrations
  install,
• configure, manage, monitor and maintain
  network
• application
• Web Support Webmasters
• Support internet and intranet operations,
  design and
• construction of web pages, monitoring traffic
  and link
• web-based application

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• The Systems Analyst Position
• Interacts with users and managers within and
  outside company
• Plans, investigates, analyzes, designs, develops,
  installs, implements, evaluates and maintains
  information systems
• Responsibilities
• Translate business requirement to meet companys
  needs
• Plans projects, develops schedules and estimates
  costs