An overview of EPC Global and WSN

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An overview of EPC Globaland WSN

• with some extras.
• - For beginners-

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Contents

• EPC Global
• Wireless Sensor Network
• Positioning technology comparison
• Comparison between RF and Ultrasound

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Contents

• EPC Global

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EPC Global?

• The EPCglobal Architecture Framework is a
  collection of interrelated standards for
  hardware, software, and data interfaces, together
  with core services that are operated by EPCglobal
  and its delegates, all in service of a common
  goal of enhancing the supply chain through the
  use of Electronic Product Codes. (EPC)

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EPC Global again?

• A collection of technologies to build an
  Internet of Physical Objects
• In order to Identify any object automatically?
  a global system for widespread RFID deployment
  based on open standard and a unique
  identification code for the life of the object

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Representation of Phy ObJ.
Supply Chainnetwork of physical object
EPC Globalnetwork of object data
Semantic Richness
Raw Material
Data 1
Manufacturing
Data 2
Distribution
Data 3
Retail
Data 4
Consumer
Data 5
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EPC GlobalArchitecture
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A more simplified view
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EPC

• EPC is a naming scheme for objects- Unique
  identifier for every objects (with some
  exceptions)- External coding schemes can be used
• Separate identify from data- Additional
  information is stored in a database and can be
  retrieved using EPC as a key

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Electronic Product Code

• Header- Defines Code Scheme Used
• Manufacturer code
• Product (or Class) Code
• Serial Number

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RFID

• Means of automatically iden-tifying objects
• Typical operational range5mm 10 M
• Non-contact. No line-of-sight is
  needed(significant advantage over legacy
  barcodes)

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ALE

• Middleware for collecting and filtering
• Deals with huge amounts of data
• Generate higher level events using raw data
• Standardized communication method is mandatory
• More sophisticated processing may needs extra
  components (CEP?)

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Filtering Collection Middleware
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EPC Information Service

• The primary vehicle for data exchange between
  EPCglobal Subscribers
• Includes interfaces for data exchange and
  specifications of the data
• Networked database
• Registry for event information and attribute data

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ECPIS data

• Static Data- Class-level Static Data ? product-
  Instance-level Static Data ? date of manufacture
• Transactional Data- Instance Observations ?
  time, location, one or more EPCs, business
  process step- Quantity Observations ? time,
  location, object class, quantity, business
  process step- Business Transaction Observations
  ? time, one or more EPCs, a business process
  step, a business transaction identifier.

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Object Name Service

• DNS-like approach with many additions
• Mapping EPC codes and address of EPCIS service

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Root ONS
Root ONS
ONS
ONS
ONS

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Requirement of Middleware

• Integration Protocol for various readers
• Data Filtering
• Application Interface
• Information Services of Tagged Objects

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Contents

• Wireless Sensor Network

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WSN?

• A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a computer
  network consisting of spatially distributed
  autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively
  monitor physical or environmental conditions,
  such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure,
  motion or pollutants, at different locations.

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Need for WSN
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Great Duck Island
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Network
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Components of a node

• Low-power Processor
• Constrained Memory
• Low bandwidth RF
• Low-data rate Sensors
• Power source (battery/solar panel?)
• Opt. Geopositioning system

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Characteristics of WSN

• Limited resource - power, memory, CPU
• Topology changes/breaks frequently
• High density
• Person unattended / Autonomous

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Research Field

• Low power consumption
• Self-configuration
• Heterogeneity
• Self-optimization
• Scalability
• Robustness

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Motes

• Used as a terminalof WSN
• Multi-channeltransceiver
• TinyOS is used
• Easily programmable
• Made publicly availablecommercially

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Contents

• ExtrasPositioning technology comparison

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Pos. Tec. Comparison 1
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Pos. Tec. Comparison 2
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Contents

• ExtrasComparison between RF and Ultrasound

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Cricket Happy Scenario
Beacon
Ultrasound (pulse)
Listener
D t(331.50.6tmp)/2
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Cricket - Interference
Beacon A
Beacon B
Whose one is it? ??? ????
Listener
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Cricket - Interference

• Interference arises due to lack of coordination
  in transmissions of different beacons that may be
  in close proximity- RF transmissions from
  different beacons may collide resulting in
  calculation of wrong distance
• To maintain simplicity, randomization in
  transmission of beacon signals is used

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Cricket Interference 2
Beacon A
Beacon B
Incorrect distance
time
RF B
RF A
US B
US A

• Can be overcome by using RF signals with
• longer range than US signals

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LANDMARC

• Indoor Location Sen-sing Using ActiveRFID
• Readers only report the power level
• Calculate distance with power level detected
• employs extra fixed location reference tags to
  help location calibration

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?????

• Network of unsynchronized beacons
• Beacons each transmit ultrasonic pulses at unique
  periodic intervals
• A mobile device measures the deviation in
  periodicities (due to a Doppler shift), and
  estimates its position using a Multi-hypothesis
  Kalman filter

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Got any.

• Questions?