Climate Change and Sustainable Industrial Development

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Climate Change and Sustainable Industrial
Development - An ASSOCHAM Perspective
By Dinesh T. Parekh ASSOCHAM
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ASSOCHAM -
A brief note
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MISSION
As a representative organ of corporate India,
ASSOCHAM articulates the genuine, legitimate
needs and interests of members. The mission
is to impact the policy and legislative
environment so as to foster balanced economic,
industrial and social development. ASSOCHAM
believes education, health and environment to be
the critical success factors.
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Goals

• To ensure the voice and concerns of ASSOCHAM are
  heeded by policy makers and legislators.
• To be proactive on policy initiatives that are in
  consonance with our mission
• To engage in the network of relationships at
  national and international levels/fora
• To develop a learning organisation sensitive to
  the development needs and concerns of its members
• To broadbase membership

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Origin
Established in 1920, the Associated Chambers of
Commerce and Industry of India is the oldest apex
chamber of commerce and industry in
India. ASSOCHAM is promoted by the following six
promoter chambers, representing all regions of
India

• Bengal Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Kolkata
• Bombay Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Mumbai
• Cochin chamber of Commerce and Industry, Cochin
• Indian Merchants Chamber, Mumbai
• Madras Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Chennai
• PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry, New Delhi

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ASSOCHAM Initiatives on Environment

• Seminars / workshop / training programmes on
• ISO 14000
• Advanced EMS Auditing Course
• Internal Auditing of EMS
• Environment Legislation
• Deployment of Environmental Policy
• Pollution Prevention and Waste Minimization
• Hazardous Waste Management
• Environment Impact Assessment 
• Environmental Risk Assessment
• Environmental Benchmarking
• Green Supply Chain Management
• Process Safety Management
• Environment Performance Evaluation

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Changing Facets of Environment
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The way we plunder the natural world reveals more
than environmental blindness. The scars we leave
on the land betray a wider addiction to conquest
and domination a constant, casual recourse to
hypocrisy and denial. We benefit from the
machinery of plunder, but are ultimately trapped
by it. No wonder that in the end even our own
captive, domesticated landscape reproaches
us. David Stock
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A disaster waiting to happen in Himalayas - The
earths ice cover is melting in several places,
including the Himalayas, at higher rates since
record-keeping began and the glacier-fed rivers
of north India would first swell and then shrink
to dangerously low levels. Times of India,
8th March 2000
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Rapid industrial growth during the last century
with scant attention to its adverse effect on
environment has caused serious anxiety. This has
led to a new paradigm of sustainable development
where economic development has to be accompanied
by a careful concern for impact on environment
with a view to preserve the planet for the
posterity.
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World resources are exhausting day by day and are
threatened to be far too inadequate for
sustaining the growing world population.
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UNEP Estimated Temperature Rise Due to GHG
Emissions
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FACTORS RESPONSIBLE

• Tremendous increase in industrial activities
  during past few decades.
• Release of obnoxious industrial wastes into
  environment.
• Population explosion.
• Growth of vehicle population.
• Quality of industrial and vehicular fuel.
• Deforestation.
• Lack of awareness.
• Regional industrial and economic imbalance.
• Release of chemical substances.

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Vulnerability of Nations

• 1000000 people in Bangladesh live in areas
• 17 of Bangladesh area
• Developing countries
• Small island states

- Just 1 m above sea level
- Likely to be submerged by 2050
- Twice as vulnerable as developed countries
- Thrice as vulnerable as developed countries.
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WAYS IN WHICH CLIMATE CHANGE IS LIKELY TO AFFECT
HUMAN HEALTH. FROM WATSON ET AL. (1996)
Contd.
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Mediating Process
Health Outcomes
INDIRECT
Disturbances of Ecological systems Effects on
range and activity of vectors and infective
parasites Altered local ecology of water-borne
and food-borne infective agents Altered food
(especially crop) productivity due to changes in
climate, weather events, and associated pests and
diseases
Changes in geographic ranges and incidence of
vector-borne diseases Changed incidence of
diarrhea and certain other infectious
diseases Regional malnutrition and hunger, and
consequent impairment of child growth and
development
Climate Change Temperature, precipitation, and
weather
Contd.
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Mediating Process
Health Outcomes
INDIRECT (Contd.)
Injuries, increased risks of various infectious
disease (due to migration, crowding,
contamination of drinking water), psychological
disorder
Sea-level rise, with population displacement and
damage to infrastructure (e.g. sanitation)
Climate Change Temperature, precipitation, and
weather
Asthma and allergic disorders other acute and
chronic respiratory disorders and deaths
Levels and biological impacts of air pollution,
including pollens and spores
Social, economic, and demographic dislocations
due to adverse climate change impacts on economy,
and resource supply
Wide range of public health consequences (e.g.,
mental health, nutritional impairment, infectious
diseases, civil strife)
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Impact on Human Society

• Water Sources

- Winter floods and summer droughts, changes in
river flows.

• Food Agriculture

- Changes in yields, seasons for farming and
cultivable land, forestry and fisheries
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Impact on Human Society

• Coastal Dwellers

- Coastal flooding, submerging of small island
nations.

• Human Settlement and Health

- Effect on infrastructure, increase and changes
in disease patterns.
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Impact on Natural Environment

• Hydrological Cycle

- Changes in rainy seasons, rainfalls and soil
moisture.

• Eco-systems and vegetation

- Changes in vegetation zones and species mix,
reduction in bio-diversity. (Some 300 species
are getting extinct every year).
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Impact on Natural Environment

• Ice and Snow

- Changes in ice-covered areas and melting of
permafrost.

• Oceans and Coasts

- Changes in winds and ocean currents, tropical
storms and damaged coastal eco-systems, sea-level
rise.
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Global Environmental Concerns
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ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS DURING LAST CENTURY

• 1944 Los Angeles Smog Episode
• 1950 Poza Rica Air Pollution
• 1952 London Smog Episode
• 1953 Minamata Mercury Poisoning Episode
• 1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy
• 1986 Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster.
• Smog over SE Asia (Asian Brown Haze)

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GLOBAL CONCERNS

• Environment Summit at Stockholm in 1972
• ( 5th to 10 th June)
• Rio de Janerio in 1992
• Kyoto Summit in 1997
• Johannesburg Summit in 2002
• COPs by United Nations Framework Convention on
  Climate Change (UNFCCC) 8th Conference at Delhi
  Oct 23 to Nov 1,2002

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Key issues debated at Johannesburg

• How to create and distribute wealth without
  destroying the natural capital?
• How to preserve the environment? and
• How to develop an efficient and equitable
  economic system

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CLIMATE CHANGE AND INDUSTRY AN INDIAN CONTEXT
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Opportunities Challenges before the Indian
Industry

• India has the option of creating an efficient
  development model, which should be sustainable
  without undue exhaustion of natural capital.
• India has abundant resources in the form of human
  resources and bio-reserves.
• India is facing the challenge of creating an
  efficient system.

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Concept of MINAS
MINAS envisages treatment of all wastes to
certain minimum standards regardless of the type
of waste waters and locations. This model is
effective in halting the obvious pollution
immediately and envisages a steady progress in
meeting the water quality objectives. It also
provides a fair degree of flexibility to the
Regulatory Authority for Control of Water
Pollution.
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MINAS
The minimum treatment to be provided in any waste
waters aims at the removal of the following
pollutants

• pathogens by effective disinfection
• toxic substances
• colloidal and dissolved organic solids
• mineral oils
• adjustment of pH

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ASSOCHAM, a member of ICC, is a firm believer and
practitioner of Agenda 21 and obtaining
significant results in

• Customer Satisfaction
• More Business
• Ultimately Less Cost of the product

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Steps taken by ASSOCHAM members for a sustainable
industrial development

• Some enterprises are implementing responsible
  care and product stewardship policies and
  programmes, fostering openness and dialogue with
  employees and the public and carrying out
  environmental audits and assessments of
  compliance.

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Steps taken by ASSOCHAM members for a sustainable
industrial development

• Discharge wastes that have adverse impact on
  human and the environment is being replaced with
  technologies, good engineering and management
  practices throughout the product life cycle.
• The concept of cleaner production helps in
  optimizing efficiencies at every stages of the
  product life cycle.

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ISO is making Indian industry Environment Friendly
Environment Management ISO 14000
Environmental Management System
Life - Cycle Assessment
Environmental Aspects in Product Standards
Environmental Labelling
Environmental Performance Evaluation
Environmental Auditing
Organization Evaluation
Product Evaluation
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Salient achievements of ASSOCHAM members

• State-of-the-art industrial effluent treatment
  plant
• Zero discharge capability
• Dry disposal of fly ash - used in building, ash
  bricks, road construction,
• Replacement from
• old rotary clean to fuel efficient gas suspension
  calciners
• Stoker fired boilers to fuel efficient high
  capacity, PF and FBC boilers

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Salient achievements of ASSOCHAM members

• Co-generation
• Environment Management
• Energy conservation
• Re-habilitation and resettlement activities
• Energy auditing to cut down wasteful use of
  energy
• Total quality management
• Social responsibility (SA 8000)

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Salient achievements of ASSOCHAM members

• Good engineering practices and better
  housekeeping
• Reuse and recycling of waste
• Catalytic oxidation and reduction
• Using of pure raw material
• Waste compatibility