Embedded Systems Architecture Course

1
Embedded Systems Architecture Course

• Rajesh K. Gupta
• University of California, Irvine
• Ki-Seok Chung and Ali Dasdan
• University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• Interstate Electronics Corporation, Anaheim, CA
• 3-5 December 1997
• 21-23 January 1998

2
Course Outline

• Part 1 Introduction to Embedded Systems (2
  hours)
• Overview of Embedded Systems Sections 1.1, 1.6,
  1.7
• Real-time systems, reactive systems, embedded
  systems market, etc.
• Requirements of Embedded Systems Sections 1.2,
  1.3, 1.4
• Functional, temporal, and dependability
  requirements
• Classification of Embedded Systems Section 1.5
• Hard vs soft, Fail-safe vs fail-operational,
  guaranteed-response vs best-effort,
  resource-adequate vs resource-inadequate,
  event-triggered vs time-triggered.
• Part 2 Hardware Issues for Embedded Systems (6
  hours)
• Data Acquisition Systems
• Signal processing basics
• Sampling
• A/D and D/A conversion
• Processing Unit
• Microprocessors/microcontrollers
• Digital signal processors and cores
• Time processing units
• Memory

3
Course Outline (contd)

• Component Interfacing (Input/Output) Sections
  9.
• Interface timing
• Synchronous vs asynchronous interface
• Polling, interrupts, and DMA
• Busses
• Communication Systems Sections 7., 8.
• Parallel and serial I/O
• Synchronous vs asynchronous I/O
• Analog vs digital transmission
• Encoding and transmission control
• Data communication for embedded systems
• Part 3 Software Issues for Embedded Systems (16
  hours)
• Embedded systems software overview
• Language issues
• Desirable language characteristics and major
  languages
• Programming language structures
• Advanced issues
• Real-time languages
• Software development environment

4
Course Outline (contd)

• Compilation Issues
• Traditional compilation
• Main issues for compilation for embedded systems
  (e.g., retargetability, register allocation,
  etc.)
• Optimization
• Software Design and Modeling Sections 4., 5.,
  13. - 4 hours - in January
• Real-time specific issues (timing constraints,
  FSMs, etc.)
• Design process and its phases
• Design modeling (waterfall, spiral, etc.)
• Design representations (data/control flow, petri
  nets, statecharts, etc.)
• Design methods (object-oriented, structured,
  etc.)
• Design tools
• Scheduling Theory Sections 11. - 4 hours - in
  January
• Uniprocessor scheduling without blocking
• Uniprocessor scheduling with blocking
• Multiprocessor scheduling
• Real-Time Operating Systems Sections 10. - 4
  hours - in January
• Task/process basics
• Communication

5
Course Outline (contd)

• Synchronization
• Memory management
• Example RTOSes (research and commercial)
• Part 4 Advanced Topics for Embedded Systems (8
  hours)
• Fault-tolerance and Reliability Sections 6.
• Faults, errors, and failures
• Failure types
• Fault detection
• Verification and Validation Sections 12.
• Safety case
• Formal methods
• Testing
• Fault injection
• Dependability analysis
• Simulation
• Prototyping
• Timing Issues 2 hours - in January
• Timing constraints

6
Course Outline (contd)

• Interface timing verification
• Clock synchronization
• Performance Analysis 2 hours - in January
• Response time calculation
• Execution time calculation
• Interrupt latency
• Time loading
• Effects of optimization and compiler issues
• Memory requirements
• Sensitivity analysis
• Design Automation for Embedded Systems 1 hour -
  in January
• Power management
• Hardware/Software Codesign
• System-on-a-chip
• Other issues

7
References

• KrSh Krishna and Shin, Real-Time systems,
  McGraw Hill, 1997.
• Ko Kopetz, Real-Time Systems, Kluwer, 1997.
• Li, Liem, Retargetable Compilers for Embedded
  Core Processors, Kluwer, 1997.
• YeWo, Yen and Wolf, Hardware-Software
  Co-Synthesis of Distributed Embedded Systems,
  Kluwer, 1997.
• Ba Balarin et al., Hardware-Software Co-Design
  of Embedded Systems, Kluwer, 1997.
• Gu Gupta, Co-Synthesis of Hardware and Software
  for Digital Embedded Systems, Kluwer, 1995.
• Pr Protopapas, Microcomputer Hardware Design,
  Prentice-Hall, 1988.
• La Lapsley, DSP Processor Fundamentals,
  Berkeley Design Tech., 1996.
• Ly Lyons, Understanding Digital Signal
  Processing, Addison-Wesley, 1997.
• St Stallings, Data and Computer Communication,
  MacMillan, 1985.

8
References (contd)

• Cl, Clements, Microprocessor Systems Design,
  PWS, 1997.
• XuPa, Xu and Parnas, On Satisfying Timing
  Constraints in Hard-Real-Time Systems, IEEE
  T-Software Engineering, Jan. 1993.
• El Ellison, Developing Real-Time Embedded
  Software, Wiley, 1994.
• Al Allworth, Introduction to Real-Time Software
  Design, Springer-Verlag, 1984.
• La Laplante, Real-Time Systems Design and
  Analysis, IEEE, 1997.
• Kl Klein, RTOS Design How is Your Application
  Affected, Wind River Systems, 1997.
• Go1 Gomaa, Software Design Methods for
  Concurrent and Real-Time Systems, Addison-Wesley,
  1993.
• Go2 Gomaa, Software Design Methods for
  Real-Time Systems, CMU SEI Technical Report
  SEI-CM-22-1.0, 1989.
• Bu Budgen, Introduction to Software Design, CMU
  SEI Technical Report SEI-CM-2-2.1, 1989.
• Kle Klein et al., A Practitioners Handbook for
  Real-Time Analysis, Kluwer, 1993.

9
References (contd)

• Re Rechtin, Systems Architecting,
  Prentice-Hall, 1991.
• Ree Rechtin et al., The Art of Systems
  Architecting, CRC Press, 1996.
• Ha Hatley et al., Strategies for Real-Time
  System Specification, Dorset House, 1987.
• WWW Pointers
• Carnegie Mellon Univ. Engineering Design Research
  Center http//www.edrc.cmu.edu
• Embedded Systems Conference East/West (Miller
  Freeman Publishing) http//www.mfi.com)
• Embedded Systems http//www.compapp.dcu.ie/cdaly
  /embed/embedsys.html
• Safety-Critical Systems http//www.comlab.ox.ac.u
  k/archive/safety.html
• Design Automation for Embedded Systems journal
  http//www.ee.princeton.edu/wolf/daes.html
• Embedded Systems Programming trade magazine
• Embedded Hardware/Software Codesign
  http//www.cs.washington.edu/homes/ortega/embedded
  .html