CS304: Lecture 1

1
CS304 Lecture 1

• Basics of C Programming
• Deitel, Ch. 1-2
• http//www.cis.uab.edu/cs304

2
Overview

• Who am I?
• Who are you?
• What is this course?

3
C vs. Java

• C extension of C
• Provides capabilities for object-oriented
  programming
• Hybrid language
• C-like style
• Can have global functions or data. Java cant
  (Everything must be in a class)
• OO style (Nouns Classes , Verbs Functions)
• Fast
• Originally designed for OS development, can be 20
  times faster than Java.
• Complex
• Preprocessor Appendix F (pp. 1272)
• Macro, templates, operator overloading
• And more
• Check this link for more C vs. Java
• http//www.compapp.dcu.ie/renaat/projects/cvj
  ava.html

4
Typical C Environment
5
Hello World!

• include ltiostreamgt // preprocessor directive
• using stdcout // scope operator
• int main()
• cout ltlt "Hello, world!\n" // stream operator
• return 0

6
Structure of a C Program

• Comments
• Single-line comment
• Begin with //
• Preprocessor directives
• Processed by preprocessor before compiling
• Begin with

7
Structure of a C Program

• Standard output stream object
• stdcout
• Connected to screen
• ltlt
• Stream insertion operator
• Value to right (right operand) inserted into
  output stream
• Input stream object
• gtgt (stream extraction operator)
• Used with stdcin
• Waits for user to input value, then press Enter
  (Return) key
• Stores value in variable to right of operator
• Converts value to variable data type

8
Structure of a C Program

• Namespace
• std specifies using name that belongs to
  namespace std
• std removed through use of using statements
• using statements
• Eliminate use of std prefix
• Write cout instead of stdcout

9
Fundamental Types

• Numbers int, float, double
• Qualifiers short or long, signed or unsigned
• Size in bytes (on the blazers)
• char 1 (What is a char, anyway?)
• short int 2
• int 4
• long int 4
• float 4
• double 8
• long double 16
• See Appendix B (pp. 1232) for full list of
  fundamental types

10
An Example

• include ltiostreamgt
• using namespace std
• int main()
• // testing the size of each type
• cout ltlt "char\t" ltlt sizeof(char) ltlt endl
• cout ltlt "short int\t" ltlt sizeof(short int) ltlt
  endl
• cout ltlt "int\t" ltlt sizeof(int) ltlt endl
• cout ltlt "long int\t" ltlt sizeof(long int) ltlt
  endl
• cout ltlt "float\t" ltlt sizeof(float) ltlt endl
• cout ltlt "double\t" ltlt sizeof(double) ltlt endl
• cout ltlt "long double\t" ltlt sizeof(long
  double) ltlt endl
• // testing the unsigned qualifier
• unsigned short int n -1
• cout ltlt n ltlt endl // ??? What is the output
  1111 1111 1111 1111
• n -2
• cout ltlt n ltlt endl // ??? And this one
  1111 1111 1111 1110

11
Arithmetic and Relational Operations

• Arithmetic The standards , -, /, , , ()
• They work the way Java programmers expect
• Relational gt, gt, lt, lt, , !
• Same goes