Artificial Intelligence CIS 342

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Artificial IntelligenceCIS 342

• The College of Saint Rose
• David Goldschmidt, Ph.D.

January 17, 2008
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Reading Assignments

• Read this week
• Chapter 1 of Negnevitskys book
• Excerpt from I, Robot by Asimov

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I, Robot by Isaac Asimov

• What do we learn about robots in I, Robot?
• Can see as humans do (i.e. computer vision)
• Can walk and traverse around objects
• Use intuition are skeptical
• Rely on reason
• Able to explain reasoning
• Curious as to ones own existence
• Introspective

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I, Robot by Isaac Asimov

• How does I, Robot relate to AI?
• Robotics, Computer Vision, etc. (see NYTimes
  article)
• Knowledge-based Reasoning
• Computer explains how a conclusionhas been
  reached
• Expert Systems
• Computer explains how a diagnosishas been
  determined

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Rule-Based Expert Systems

• Great expectations during 1950s and 1960s
• Researchers focused too much on all-purpose
  intelligent machines with goals to learn and
  reason with human-scale knowledge (and beyond)
• Refocus on specific problem domains (1970s)
• Domain-specific expert systems with facts, rules,
  etc.
• Analyze chemicals, medical diagnoses, etc.

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Knowledge

• Knowledge is a theoretical or practical
  understanding of a subject or a domain
• Those who possess knowledge are calledexperts
  (or domain experts)
• Experts need deep knowledge of both facts and
  rules
• An expert is a skillful person who can do
  thingsothers cannot

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Facts and Rules

• A fact may be thought of as a unit of knowledge
• A rule enables an artificially intelligent system
  to derive new facts from existing facts
• Rules typically take the form of IF-THEN
  statements
• IF is the antecedent, premise, or condition
• THEN is the consequent, conclusion, or action
• e.g. http//familydoctor.org/symptom.xml

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In-Class Exercise

• Using your favorite programming language, create
  anexpert system to interactively ask users
  yes/no questions and diagnose one of the
  following health problems
• Cold and Flu
• Headaches
• Shoulder Problems
• Tooth Problems
• i.e. implement an expert system using charts
  from http//familydoctor.org/symptom.xml

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Reading Assignments

• Read for next week
• Chapter 2 of Negnevitskys book