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Artificial Intelligence CIS 342

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Title: Artificial Intelligence CIS 342


1
Artificial IntelligenceCIS 342
  • The College of Saint Rose
  • David Goldschmidt, Ph.D.

January 17, 2008
2
Reading Assignments
  • Read this week
  • Chapter 1 of Negnevitskys book
  • Excerpt from I, Robot by Asimov

3
I, Robot by Isaac Asimov
  • What do we learn about robots in I, Robot?
  • Can see as humans do (i.e. computer vision)
  • Can walk and traverse around objects
  • Use intuition are skeptical
  • Rely on reason
  • Able to explain reasoning
  • Curious as to ones own existence
  • Introspective

4
I, Robot by Isaac Asimov
  • How does I, Robot relate to AI?
  • Robotics, Computer Vision, etc. (see NYTimes
    article)
  • Knowledge-based Reasoning
  • Computer explains how a conclusionhas been
    reached
  • Expert Systems
  • Computer explains how a diagnosishas been
    determined

5
Rule-Based Expert Systems
  • Great expectations during 1950s and 1960s
  • Researchers focused too much on all-purpose
    intelligent machines with goals to learn and
    reason with human-scale knowledge (and beyond)
  • Refocus on specific problem domains (1970s)
  • Domain-specific expert systems with facts, rules,
    etc.
  • Analyze chemicals, medical diagnoses, etc.

6
Knowledge
  • Knowledge is a theoretical or practical
    understanding of a subject or a domain
  • Those who possess knowledge are calledexperts
    (or domain experts)
  • Experts need deep knowledge of both facts and
    rules
  • An expert is a skillful person who can do
    thingsothers cannot

7
Facts and Rules
  • A fact may be thought of as a unit of knowledge
  • A rule enables an artificially intelligent system
    to derive new facts from existing facts
  • Rules typically take the form of IF-THEN
    statements
  • IF is the antecedent, premise, or condition
  • THEN is the consequent, conclusion, or action
  • e.g. http//familydoctor.org/symptom.xml

8
In-Class Exercise
  • Using your favorite programming language, create
    anexpert system to interactively ask users
    yes/no questions and diagnose one of the
    following health problems
  • Cold and Flu
  • Headaches
  • Shoulder Problems
  • Tooth Problems
  • i.e. implement an expert system using charts
    from http//familydoctor.org/symptom.xml

9
Reading Assignments
  • Read for next week
  • Chapter 2 of Negnevitskys book
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