Will the Real Andrew Jackson Please Stand Up

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Will the Real Andrew Jackson Please Stand Up?
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• You will examine several images and documents
  related to the life of Andrew Jackson in this
  lesson. During your investigation you will
  consider the following essential questions.

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ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

• 1. Like todays political leaders, Andrew Jackson
  had a carefully crafted image. What elements of
  Jacksons life and image had a special appeal to
  voters?

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Essential Questions

• 2. Today various kinds of political
  advertisements are used in shaping or reshaping a
  political image. What types of advertisements
  were used during the political career of Andrew
  Jackson? Identify and describe at least four
  types of advertisements used.

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TYPES OF POLITICAL ADVERTISEMENTS

• Image ads that try to establish an image with
  very little content
• Ads that emphasize the candidates qualifications
• Ads that portray the candidate as the outsider
  who bring something new to office
• Attack ads (mudslinging)
• Issue-based ads

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What claim did Jackson have to being a common man?

• Examine the illustration at right.
• Describe what you see. List specific items you
  see.
• What conclusions might be drawn from the image?

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Jackson volunteered to serve the Patriot cause in
the Revolution.

• What qualities does Jackson exhibit in the image?
• Why would service in the Revolutionary War have
  made Jackson more popular with the American
  people?

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Examine the images of Jacksons first home on the
Hermitage, his plantation near Nashville.

• Jackson and his slaves built this home sometime
  around 1795, after he purchased the property.
• Use the information in these images to complete
  the building analysis sheet in the study guide.

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In 1796 Tennessee chose Jackson as its first
member to the House of Representatives.
The Congress was assembled in Philadelphia and
met in Congress Hall adjoining Independence Hall.

Jackson spent six months in the U.S. Senate
during his time in Philadelphia.
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Jacksons time in Philadelphia was marked by
events that would have profound influences on him.
First Bank of the United States
Philadelphia Townhouses

• Many Philadelphia aristocrats regarded Jackson as
  a coarse backwoodsman.
• Jackson lost nearly everything when a business
  associate went bankrupt. He became very
  distrusting of established institutions,
  especially banks and creditors.

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Jacksons time in Philadelphia was marked by
events that would have profound influences on the
rest of his life.

• Jackson made important contacts and friendships
  while in Philadelphia.

The finer things of life he enjoyed during his
time in Congress would become more a part of his
life.
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After his return from Washington, Jackson
enlarged his land and slave holdings and became a
prosperous plantation owner.

• What effect did these events have on Jacksons
  image? Consider earlier slides and think about
  the changes occurring.

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The military became Jacksons great obsession
after his return from Washington.

• What reasons might have fueled Jacksons
  passion for military service?

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Jacksons service during the War of 1812 made him
a national figure.

• How was Andrew Jacksons image influenced by
  the victory of his forces in the Battle of New
  Orleans?

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After the War of 1812, Jackson was appointed the
U.S. military governor of the Florida Territory.

• How would this experience prove valuable to
  Jackson when he ran for the presidency?

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• By 1824, the only major political party in
  America was the Jeffersonian Republican Party.
• A political party is a group of people with
  similar views on issues that work to have their
  plans and ideas enacted into law.
• One party would imply that there was great unity
  in America at the time. We will see that rivalry
  still existed.

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In 1824 Jackson became one of four candidates
for the presidency of the United States.
William Crawford
John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson
Henry Clay
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Newspapers from across the country supported
candidates from their section.
March 12, 1824 Hamilton failed in monarchial
project in the national convention, for there we
had Washington and Franklin Adams failed in his
diabolical project of consolidating all power in
the federal executive for we had a Jefferson
and the Judiciary (the last hope of federal
aristocratic despotism) will fail in her
usurpations of power which belongs to other
sections and departments of our government if
the people will be true to themselves for we
have CLAY.
Complete the written document analysis worksheet
as you examine this passage.
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• Compare the previous document with the following
  one.
• Examine the following document with the written
  document analysis worksheet.
• What conclusion if any might be drawn from the
  two articles concerning voters in Kentucky.

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August 26, 1824 The people of our republic,
are too virtuous, they appreciate that sacred
gem, their own liberties and the liberty of
prosperity to give their suffrages to any
unworthy or designing demagogue or demagogues,
who in the result would not only yoke them with
iron but with every other debasing bondage
concomitant with the most abject slavery. The
people of these United States have always
heretofore, honored the brave, the virtuous and
the patriotic with the highest honors within the
purview of their suffrages. Where then (and I
defy a negative) is now living a man who has
rendered in the most distant point of view like
service with A. JACKSON, who more deserving in
point of talent (as relates to public offices)
unassumed modesty or genuine patriotism. Let the
honest patriot, the friend of his country and the
nonhireling editor speak, and they and all will
unanimously say NONE!!! NO NOT ONE!!!
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• Use the cartoon analysis sheets as you examine
  the two following images that deal with Jackson
  and the 1824 presidential race.
• What do both cartoons have in common?

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Clay
Jackson
Adams Crawford
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(No Transcript)
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• In the previous two slides, Andrew Jackson was
  shown wearing a military uniform.
• What, if any, positive traits could a person
  conclude from the cartoon images about Jackson?
• What, if any, negative traits could a person
  conclude from the cartoon images about Jackson?

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Below is an excerpt from a letter that Henry Clay
wrote to F. Brooke on January 28, 1825. The
letter was later printed in the Kentucky Gazette.
Review the letter using the written document
analysis worksheet. What was important about
Clays position at the time?
March 3, 1825 As a friend of liberty and to the
permanence of our institutions, I cannot consent,
in this early stage of their existence, by
contributing to the election of a military
chieftain, to give the strongest guarranty that
this Republic will march in the fatal road which
has conducted every other Republic to ruin.
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• The House of Representatives voted and chose
  John Quincy Adams to serve as the sixth President
  of the United States.
• Jackson would enter the presidential race again
  in 1828.

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• What was the prevailing image of Jackson from
  the 1824 campaign?
• Jackson and his managers would work on
  broadening his appeal and add other dimensions to
  his image. Jackson would face Adams in the
  election of 1828.

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Examine each of the illustrations below. Both of
these are an example of which type of political
advertisement? Support your choice with
evidence from the images.
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Examine each of the illustrations below. Both of
these are an example of which type of political
advertisement? Support your choice with
evidence from the images.
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These ads would appeal to voters in which region
or regions of the country? ExplainWould the ads
appeal to urban (city) voters?Would the ads
appeal to rural (country) voters? To what
occupations would the ads appeal? Do political
candidates today use similar ideas?
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• This ad makes an allusion to Hercules labor of
  cleaning the filthy Augean Stable, a very
  difficult task because it had not been cleaned in
  many years.
• Which type of advertisement is this?
• What message does the message imply?

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• Examine the image closely.
• Complete the photograph/artwork analysis
  worksheet as you view the image.
• If this was used as a political ad, what type of
  ad would it be?

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Compare this to the previous cartoon. Do you
recognize anyone pictured in the image?What
symbols do you see in the cartoon?Which side
created this cartoon?
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• Broadsides were a popular form of advertising in
  the 18th and 19th centuries.
• A broadside was a large sheet of paper that
  expressed an opinion of an issue, topic, event,
  or product.
• Complete the document analysis worksheet on the
  following broadside created in James City County
  during 1828.

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(No Transcript)
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Complete a document analysis worksheet as you
examine this broadside.
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Examine the editorial from the pro-Jackson Argus
of Western America. What types of political
advertising are used in the editorial?
April 16, 1828
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS Who is there that has not
heard Gen. Jackson and his friends denounced as
the enemies of Internal Improvements? They have
a majority in both houses of the present
Congress, and what has been the result? An act,
making appropriations for internal improvements,
being the first ever passed under that title, has
received the sanctions of the House of
Representatives., by a vote of 124 to 57! Yes,
more the two-thirds of this Jackson House are in
favor of this part of the American system. There
has never been so much unanimity on the subject
since the origin of the government. What will
Mr. Clay and his friends do for hobbies when the
Jackson men prove by their works, the falsehood
of all the imputations cast upon them relative to
the tariff and internal improvements! They will
have no hobby left but the coffins. We shall not
force them to ride these but if they choose it
they may ride them to the gallows, as many a
fellow has done before them.
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• The cartoon at right deals with what issue from
  Jacksons past?
• How could Jacksons enemies use the image to
  influence voters?
• Explain how Jackson supporters may have used the
  image to Jacksons advantage.

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In his book, The Frontier in American
History, the historian, Frederick Jackson Turner,
called Andrew Jackson the very personification of
frontier democracy.

• Jackson appealed to people as a common,
  self-made man, planter, and military man. How
  did each of these relate to the frontier?
• How was Jackson a self-made man?
• Are any of the images above cultivated by
  politicians today?

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After a hard fought, well conducted campaign
Jackson won the election of 1828 by a
landslide.

• Jacksons election brought about major changes
  in American politics and government.
• His inauguration was a major indication that
  Washington was in for some changes.

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Use document analysis worksheets to compare the
report on Jacksons inaugural below with the one
on the following page.
March 25, 1829
In accordance with the usual custom, on the
evening of the 4th of March, the inauguration of
General Jackson was celebrated by the most
splendid ball ever given in Washington. The
spacious and elegant saloon, at the Washington
Assembly rooms, was tastefully and appropriately
decorated with evergreens and flowers, and the
star spangled banner waved its broad folds over
the heads of numerous guests.
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(No Transcript)
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• A letter of Margaret Bayard Smith to Mrs.
  Kirkpatrick.
• Washington March 11th, Sunday 1829.
•   we set off to the President's House, but on
  a nearer approach found an entrance impossible,
  the yard and avenue was compact with living
  matter. The day was delightful, the scene
  animating, so we walked backward and forward at
  every turn meeting some new acquaintance and
  stopping to talk and shake hands. . . . We
  continued promenading here, until near three,
  returned home unable to stand and threw ourselves
  on the sopha. Some one came and informed us the
  crowd before the President's house, was so far
  lessen'd, that they thought we might enter. This
  time we effected our purpose. But what a scene
  did we witness! The Majesty of the People had
  disappeared, and a rabble, a mob, of boys,
  negros, women, children, scrambling fighting,
  romping. What a pity what a pity! No arrangements
  had been made no police officers placed on duty
  and the whole house had been inundated by the
  rabble mob. We came too late. The President,
  after having been literally nearly pressed to
  death and almost suffocated and torn to pieces by
  the people in their eagerness to shake hands with
  Old Hickory, had retreated through the back way
  or south front and had escaped to his lodgings at
  Gadsby's. Cut glass and china to the amount of
  several thousand dollars had been broken in the
  struggle to get the refreshments, punch and other
  articles had been carried out in tubs and
  buckets, but had it been in hogsheads it would
  have been insufficient, ice-creams, and cake and
  lemonade, for 20,000 people, for it is said that
  number were there, tho' I think the estimate
  exaggerated. Ladies fainted, men were seen with
  bloody noses and such a scene of confusion took
  place as is impossible to describe,--those who
  got in could not get out by the door again, but
  had to scramble out of windows. At one time, the
  President who had retreated and retreated until
  he was pressed against the wall, could only be
  secured by a number of gentlemen forming round
  him and making a kind of barrier of their own
  bodies, and the pressure was so great that Col
  Bomford who was one said that at one time he was
  afraid they should have been pushed down, or on
  the President. It was then the windows were
  thrown open, and the torrent found an outlet,
  which otherwise might have proved fatal.

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Jacksons character, background, abilities, and
image would all remain open to interpretation and
revision during his years in the White House.

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• What practice is the subject of this cartoon?
• Was Jackson the first to use this practice?
• What about Jacksons character made it a major
  issue?

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A few events in Jacksons became the focus of
image makers both good and bad.

• The next few images will deal with Jacksons
  struggle over the bill to
• re-charter the Bank of the U. S.
• Both Jackson supporters and opponents used the
  bank issue to try to change public opinion.

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• What appears to be going on in this cartoon?
• What type of political ad is being used?

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(No Transcript)
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• What do you see happening in the image?
• What symbols are used?
• How does this compare to the previous image?
• What is the bias in the image?

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Complete a cartoon analysis sheet as you examine
this cartoon.
Race over Uncle Sams Course
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(No Transcript)
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What is becoming a reoccurring image for Jackson
during the time? Why do you think it is being
used?
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Identify the symbols used in the image.What
evidence is there of irony or ridicule?
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What symbolism is being used?What is the
allusion used in the cartoon?
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Use the space below to create an appropriate
caption for the image. Think about some events
from Jacksons life related to the image.
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• The image at right is a printing of a song from
  the Jackson era.
• From the title what is the song about?
• Do you think this is a pro or anti-Jackson ad?
• Could politicians today use this type of
  advertising?

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• This one of the most frequently used images of
  Jackson during his presidency.
• Does the cartoonist have a favorable opinion of
  Jackson?
• Complete a cartoon analysis worksheet as you
  examine this cartoon.

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Who was the real Andrew Jackson? You will decide
that question for yourself and defend your
position in an editorial assignment.