Improvements in the Understanding and Use of Deinking Technology

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Improvements in the Understanding and Use of
Deinking Technology
COST Action E46 DEINKING
Gérard GALLAND, COST E46 Action Chair
13th PTS - CTP Deinking Symposium Leipzig, 15 -
17 April 2008
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COST Action E46 DEINKING

• This 13th PTS-CTP Deinking Symposium is held as a
  COST E46 workshop.
• The most interesting results achieved by
  participants in the action are the subjects of 13
  conferences included in the programme of these 3
  days.
• This symposium is, for COST participants, an
  unique opportunity to transfer research results
  to industry.

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What is COST?

• Founded in 1971, COST is an intergovernmental
  framework for European Cooperation in the field
  of Scientific and Technical Research, allowing
  the co-ordination of nationally funded research
  on a European level.
• COST Actions cover basic and pre-competitive
  research as well as activities of public utility.
  
• The goal of COST is to ensure that Europe holds a
  strong position in the field of scientific and
  technical research for peaceful purposes, by
  increasing European cooperation and interaction
  in this field.
• COST has 34 member countries and enables
  scientists to collaborate in a wide spectrum of
  activities grouped under nine key scientific
  Domains.
• For more information http//www.cost.esf.org

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COST Actions

• COST Actions are new, innovative, and
  interdisciplinary scientific networks of
  nationally funded research teams of at least five
  COST countries. They cover basic and
  pre-competitive research for peaceful purposes as
  well as activities of public utility.
• They also contribute to the scientific, economic,
  cultural or societal development of Europe, by
  supporting networking activities such as
  meetings, conferences, short term scientific
  exchanges and outreach activities. COST does not
  fund the research in itself.
• The duration of an Action is generally 4 years.
  The increasing number of COST Actions reflects
  the success of COST within the European
  Scientific Community.

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Previous and ongoing COST Actions related to
Paper Recycling

• E1 Paper Recyclability (1993-1998)
• Chaired by Angeles Blanco, Spain
• This action has initiated networking in Europe
• E46 Improvements in the Understanding and
  Use of Deinking Technology (2004-2008)
• E48 The Limits of Paper Recycling (2005-2009)
• Steering Group Jan-Erik Levlin, Finland
  (Chairman)
• Harald Grossmann, Germany
• Angeles Blanco, Spain
• François Julien-Saint-Amand, France
• Arie Hooimeijer, the Netherlands

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Background of COST ACTION E46

• Deinked pulp - principal raw material for many
  papermaking operations, e.g. Newsprint, magazine,
  tissue office papers.
• Deinking systems have evolved from existing
  technology.
• Process outwardly simple - but in reality
  complex.
• Further complicated by variability of incoming
  material.
• Present process satisfactory for most printed
  output - but a number of print/ink systems
  already known to create problems.

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Printing and Deinking
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Specific Objectives

• Develop better understanding of mechanisms,
• Better understand flotation process variables,
• Propose methods for improving deinkability of
  difficult systems,
• Monitor and assess trends in printing technology,
  ink toner developments, market requirements for
  printed papers.

• Create a platform for interaction between
  European scientists and technologists for the
  transfer of knowledge and expertise.

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European Research in the Deinking Area

• RD related to deinking began at the
  beginning of the 70s (D, F, UK).
• Nowadays different organisations are
  involved and participating in the action

• Institutes with several decades of expertise,
  close contacts to the Industry and the ability to
  implement research results in mills
• Universities involved in fundamental research,
• Institutes and Universities developing expertise
  to support local Industry

Companies, particularly machinery suppliers, are
also engaged in competitive research but are not
involved in the action. Some confidential
projects - related to process improvement - are
also carried out on a confidential basis by
certain research institutes.
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Working Groups

• WG1 Basic studies
• Mechanism of deinking mainly related to
  hydrodynamics and physical chemistry including
  modeling.
• WG2 Deinking studies (completed in 2007)
• Process design, Chemical and Mechanical
  variables.
• WG3 Printing technology
• Changes in printing methods,Ink and toner
  developments, Future developments.
• WG4 Deinking technology (started in 2007)
• Built on inputs from WG 1-3, to include
  improvements in existing technology and new
  approaches to deinking technology and the design
  of deinking friendly printed products.

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COST E46 DEINKING STEERING GROUP

• Chairman Gérard GALLAND,(France)
• Vice-Chairman Graham MOORE, (Pira, UK)
• WG1 Chair Jouko NIINIMÄKI, (Oulu, Finland)
• WG24 Chair Elisabeth HANECKER, (PTS, Munich)
• WG3 Chair Bruno CARRE, (CTP, France)

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COST E46 DEINKING

• 12 participating countries

• Croatia
• Finland
• France
• Germany
• Italy
• The Netherlands
• Poland
• Romania
• Slovenia
• Spain
• Sweden
• United Kingdom.

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COST E46 DEINKINGPARTICIPANTS
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Achievements to Date

• Good representation across Europe currently 27
  organisations (10 institutes, 13 universities, 2
  associations and 2 companies) from 12 countries.
• Direct industry involvement via INGEDE which
  represents 37 paper mills from A, B, D, E, Fin,
  F, I, NL, N, S, CH,CZ, UK.
• Good mix of fundamental research and its
  application to deinking technology.
• Development of Action website (http//cost-e46.eu.
  org/).
• 10 Short Term Scientific Missions.

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Meetings, Coordination and Management
Regular meetings have been held for the working
groups and the management committee

• Munich, Nov 2004
• Grenoble, June 2005
• Girona, February 2006
• Grenoble, October 2006
• Bilbao, May 2007
  common WG meeting with COST E48
• Oulu, November 2007
• Leipzig, April 2008

Scientific reports covering output of the WG
meetings have been published and distributed to
all participants.
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WG1- Basic studies Main Results
Fundamental knowledge developed in key areas

• Surface chemistry
• Chemical modification of surfaces
• Behaviour of sticky materials
• Ink particle analysis
• Flotation model.

• Fundamental work presented has made an important
  contribution to the mutual understanding of the
  deinking process.
• This will result in yield and quality improvement
  and more efficient use of energy.
• This will result in more reliable simulation
  models to aid development of effective process
  control.

Networking between research units has been and is
very beneficial.  More fundamental work is,
however, needed before models can be effectively
utilised in industrial systems.
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WG2 - Deinking studies Main Results
Interesting results from participants

• Overview of neutral and enzymatic deinking versus
  conventional alkaline deinking.
• Industrial scale demo of flexo print deinking
  combining eco-designed ink and process
  adaptation.
• Modelling and simulation of TMP and DIP fibre
  furnishes in LWC and newsprint (cost and emission
  comparison).
• Optimisation of stickies removal.

• Flotation cell design,
• Deinking chemical selection,
• Chemical and mechanical variables for optimising
• ink detachment
• Ink removal.

WG2 results will be analysed in terms of existing
technology improvement as input for WG 4 -
Deinking Technology.
WG2 completed in 2007, continued in WG4.
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WG3 - Deinking studies Main Results
To maintain long term sustainability of recovered
paper deinking, printing inks used should be Eco
designed.

• Harmonized methods to test deinkability have
  been discussed and proposed.
• New deinking technologies were reported using
  ultra sound and magnetic separation to
  respectively break down the specks and remove
  them.

• Deinkability investigation of
• Digital print (Toner)
• Digital print (Ink jet)
• UV inks
• Flexo newspaper.

• Deinkability of conventional print
• incidence of some printing parameters on offset
  print deinkability.

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Deinking Symposium COST Participant
Presentations (1/2)

• 4 - Hans-Joachim Putz and Johann Strauß, (PMV
  PTS), Impact of the storage of recycled fibre
  pulp samples on physical and chemical properties.
• 6 - Oliver Cordier, Christian Bienert, Elisabeth
  Hanecker and Johannes Kappen, (PTS), Process
  optimisation of deinking lines based on an
  innovative management of the particle size
  distribution.
• 7 - Chun Ye and Ari Vilenius, (University of
  Oulu), Evaluation of recycled pulp for
  distinguishing inks detached from or attached to
  fibers.
• 8 - Mika Körkkö, Ossi Laitinen, Sari Vahlroos,
  Ari Ämmälä and Jouko Niinimäki, (University of
  Oulu Kemira), Effects of mineral fillers and
  pigments on residual ink measurement.
• 9 - Thierry Delagoutte and Saurabh Kumar,(CTP),
  Stickies balance an efficient tool to improve
  your process efficiency.
• 12 - Benjamin Fabry and Bruno Carré, (CTP)
  Interest for mechanical treatments prior to
  pre-flotation in order to simplify deinking
  lines.

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Deinking Symposium COST Participant
Presentations (2/2)

• 18 - Elisabeth Hanecker, Gert Bär, Kai Blasius
  and Martina Klein, (PTS), Stock preparation
  concepts for ink removal in higher-quality
  recovered graphic papers.
• 19 - Andreas Faul and Hans-Joachim Putz, (INGEDE
  PMV), European deinkability survey of printed
  products.
• 20 - Maria Àngels Pèlach Serra, Laura Barberá,
  Jordi Pantin, Josep Puig and Pere
  Mutjé,(Universitat de Girona), Visualisation of
  ink adsorption on static bubble surfaces.
• 21 - Davide Beneventi, Jérémy Allix, Elisa Zeno
  and Patrice Nortier, (EFPG CTP), Contribution
  of non-ionic surfactants to particle/water
  transport phenomena in flotation deinking.
• 25 - Elena Bobu, Florin Ciolacu and Alina Cretu,
  (Technical University Iasi), Studies on neutral
  deinking of different prints.
• 26 - Graziano Elegir, (SSCCP), Potential/benefit
  of enzymes in the neutral deinking of office
  paper and newspapers.
• 33 - Elisa Zeno, Marie Christine Angelier and
  Bruno Carré, (CTP), Surfactant mass balance in
  industrial deinking plants a tool for flotation
  control.

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Strengths and Weaknesses

• Good networking including young scientists,
  experienced researchers and industrial experts.
• Well established industrial contacts.

• Cancellation of a Digital Print Deinking
  Workshop (planned for October 2006).
• Lack of a Digital Print Actor involved in the
  Action.

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Short Term Scientific Missions (10)

Transfer of knowledge generated by fundamental
research to applied research (4)
Dissemination of test methods (6)
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Future Actions

• Further STSMs
• Publications
• Final conference Bordeaux, October 2008

Action to be completed in October 2008.
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FURTHERS STSMs

• 6 new STSMs
• approved by the last MC (Oulu, November 2007)
• to be carried out in 2008.

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PUBLICATIONS

• BOOK 1  Deinking Primer 
• To assemble all basic information on deinking in
  one book, and distribute it to young scientists
  beginning activity in the deinking field.
• BOOK 2 Selected research results achieved in the
  framework of the action.

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FINAL CONFERENCE
Final Conference, 22 -23 October 2008 Bordeaux,
(during the ATIP conference)

• The goal of this final conference will be to
  initiate in-depth discussions among
  representatives of the paper industry, of the
  printing industry and COST researchers on the
  issue of printing technologies and deinkability.
• The conference will focus on the deinkability of
  all print types. It will involve printing and
  paper industry representatives. The objective is
  to review deinking difficulties related to
  different types of print and the solutions
  proposed. Efforts of printers and ink
  manufacturers to improve the deinkability of
  their products will be discussed as well as
  possible adaptations of the deinking process.
  Particular focus will be given to results
  obtained in the framework of the action.
• INGEDE will be associated in the organisation of
  this conference.

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Conclusion Deinking Research Requirement

• To face the challenges of the future, both
  fundamental and applied research is required.
• Collaboration, with a limited number of companies
  sharing costs and results, is the best solution
  for projects aimed at improving the profitability
  and competitiveness of these companies, compared
  to others without access to the same results.
• Large consortia, with representatives of all
  members of the paper chain, can support projects
  of interest for the entire paper chain in order
  to secure the sustainability of the entire paper
  chain.
• All partners universities, institutes, corporate
  RD, still have important roles to play and COST
  Actions are efficient tools for improving
  collaboration between the various partners.

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COST ACTION E46
Thank you for your attention!
COST Action E46 DEINKING