CHAPTER 17 NOTES Classification of Matter

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CHAPTER 17 NOTESClassification of Matter
Here Beginneth Matter
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Section 1Composition of Matter

• All matter is made of
• Substances (simple element or compound)
• Mixtures of substances (not pure matter)
• So, What is a substance?
• Substances are elements or compounds that
• can not be broken down without changing its
  identity
• Examples of substances are aluminum (Al), copper
  (Cu) or salt (NaCl), water (H2O). You must know
  the chemical composition!

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ElementsPure matter

• What is an element?
• A substance (pure matter) that is built from
  atoms that are all alike.
• There are 90 elements found in nature.
• Over 20 elements are synthetically made in
  laboratories.
• What type of atoms is a gold chain made from?
• Duh.gold atoms!

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CompoundsPure matter

• What are compounds?
• A substance (pure matter) in which the atoms of
  two or more elements are combined in a FIXED
  proportion
• Examples of compounds are water (H20), carbon
  dioxide (CO2), and salt (NaCl)
• By knowing the chemical composition, you will not
  confuse it with mixtures.

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MixturesNot pure matter

• Mixtures do not contain the same proportions of
  substances
• Two types of mixtures
• Heterogeneous
• Homogeneous
• HETEROGENEOUS
• Parts can be easily identified easily by your
  naked eye - NON-UNIFORM (no set pattern)
• Most substances are heterogeneous mixes
• Examples pizza, granite, concrete, dry soup
  mixes, etc.

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MixturesNot pure matter

• HOMOGENEOUS
• Two or more substances blended evenly throughout
  UNIFORM
• Solution is another word used for homogeneous
  mixture.
• These are so small they can not be seen and they
  will never settle to the bottom of their
  container.
• Examples soft drinks, jello, vinegar

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Solutions
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Colloids and Finding them

• A type of heterogeneous mixture that never
  settles floats all the time really, really
  small particles. Word comes from the Greek
  meaning glue.
• You can tell for certain if a liquid is a colloid
  by passing a beam of light through it Tyndall
  effect. If the light is scattered and seen, it is
  a colloid. If the light does not scatter and is
  not seen, it is a solution.
• Examples are milk, fog, smoke, paint

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Suspensions

• Heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in
  which visible particles settle sinks to the
  bottom!!
• Example is muddy water in ponds or river deltas

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Copy The Big Picture
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Section 1 Review

• What is matter made of?
• Which one is an element and which one is the
  compound? CO2 Se How do you know?
• What are the two types of mixtures?
• What is the other name for homogeneous mixtures?
• Which one is smaller colloids or suspensions?