Title: Operational Amplifiers
112
Operational Amplifiers
2Figure 12.2 A voltage amplifier
R
S
v
(
t
)
v
(
t
)
R
Gain,
A
_
S
L
L
Source
Amplifier
Load
3Figure 12.3 Simple voltage amplifier model
R
R
out
S
Av
v
in
S
v
R
v
_
_
in
L
R
L
in
4Figure 12.4 Operational amplifier model symbols,
and circuit diagram
IC op-amp diagram
5Figure 12.5 Inverting amplifier
R
F
i
F
R
v
S
i
in
i
S
v
_
v
S
v
out
6Figure 12.7 Summing amplifier
R
F
R
S
1
i
F
i
1
_
v
S
1
v
out
R
S
2
i
2
_
v
S
2
R
S
N
i
N
_
v
S
N
7Figure 12.8 Noninverting amplifier
R
F
i
i
F
R
in
S
v
i
S
v
R
i
in
v
out
v
_
S
8Figure 12.9 Voltage follower
i
in
v
out
v
_
in
9Figure 12.10 Differential amplifier
R
2
i
2
R
1
i
1
v
v
out
R
_
1
1
v
R
_
2
2
10Figure 12.14 Instrumentation amplifier
v
R
R
1
F
R
2
R
1
V
out
R
2
R
v
2
R
F
11Figure 12.20 Op-amp circuits employing complex
impedances
Z
F
I
F
Z
S
I
S
V
out
V
S
Inverting
Z
F
I
F
Z
S
I
V
S
out
V
S
Noninverting
12Figure 12.21 Active low-pass filter
Z
F
C
F
R
F
R
S
V
V
out
_
S
13Figure 12.24 Active high-pass filter
R
F
Z
S
C
R
S
S
V
out
V
_
S
14Figure 12.26 Active band-pass filter
R
F
C
F
C
R
S
S
V
V
_
out
S
15Figure 12.27 Normalized response of active
band-pass filter