ISWC 2006

1
ISWC 2006

• 5th International Semantic Web Conference
• Athens, GA, USA, November 2006
• http//iswc2006.semanticweb.org

2
Statistics

• Participants from 33 countries
• Research track
• 215 submissions (217, 54, 25)
• 52 accepted (24 acceptance rate)
• In-Use Track
• Not only industry, also government, public
  health, and academia
• 42 submissions
• 14 accepted (1/3 acceptance rate)

3
Semantic Web Challenge

• Goal to apply Semantic Web techniques in
  building online end-user applications that
  integrate, combine and deduce information needed
  to assist users in performing task
• Certain minimum criteria
• Meaning of data has to play a central role
• Heterogeneous information sources, under diverse
  control
• Open world assumption
• (multi-media, commercial potential, scalability)
• Semantic Web Challenge
• 18 submitted Semantic Web applications
• 14 accepted

4
Semantic Web Challenge

• http//challenge.semanticweb.org/
• MultimediaN E-Culture demonstrator, VU
• Oscar Celma Foafing the Music Bridging the
  semantic gap in music recommendation
• a music recommender system, based on user's
  profile. This means that, depending on what you
  like, what you listen to, where you live, etc,
  you get personalized music recommendations.
• Giovanni Tummarello et al DBin Enabling
  Semantic Web communities
• Falcon-S An Ontology-Based Approach to Searching
  Objects and Images in the Soccer Domain. Honghan
  Wu, Gong Cheng, and Yuzhong Qu

5
Workshops

• 20 proposals
• 13 selected (9)
• http//iswc2006.semanticweb.org/workshop_tutorial/
  workshops.htm
• Our special interest in Ontology Matching
• Tutorials
• http//iswc2006.semanticweb.org/workshop_tutorial/
  tutorials.htm

6
Ontology Matching (1/3)

• http//om2006.ontologymatching.org/
• Technical Papers
• Marta Sabou et al Using the Semantic Web as
  Background Knowledge for Ontology Mapping
• Zharko Aleksovski et al Exploiting the Structure
  of Background Knowledge Used in Ontology Matching
  
• Loredana Laera et al Arguing Over Ontology
  Alignments
• Christian Meilicke et al Improving Automatically
  Created Mappings Using Logical Reasoning

7
Ontology Matching (2/3)

• Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative 2006
  (OAEI)
• Jérôme Euzenat et al First Results of the
  Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative 2006
• Papers about systems (RiMOM, Falcon, )
• Poster session
• Ondrej váb, Vojtech Svátek Combining Ontology
  Mapping Methods Using Bayesian Networks

8
Ontology Matching (3/3)

• Consensus building workshop
• Final phase of conference track
• At ISWC App. 40 minutes
• Finding agreement about quite controversial
  mappings
• Goal feedback for involved systems, trace
  argumentation process (types of arguments, their
  order,)
• Continuation on Monday, smaller group

9
Keynote talk 1

• Tom Gruber and RealTravel.com Where the Social
  Web Meets the Semantic Web
• Semantic Web and Social Web are the same
• Web is rather social matter
• Semantic Web suitable for collective
  intelligence, not only collected intelligence
• Ontology of Folksomony
• rich social tagging across applications,
  communities, and spaces
• www.tagcommons.org
• Volunteer needed
• Open-source style project
• Contextual tagging (www.realtravel.com)

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Keynote talk 2

• Jane Fountain The Semantic Web and Networked
  Governance Promise and Challenges
• Virtual state as metaphor
• Governmental issues supported by informatics
  (networks, information sharing, enhanced search,
  improved collaboration, )
• institutional perspectives on technology and
  governance
• http//www.ksg.harvard.edu/digitalcenter/
• http//www.ksg.harvard.edu/netgov/html/index.htm

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Keynote talk 3

• Rudi Studer The Semantic Web Suppliers and
  Customers
• Semantic Web as an interdisciplinary research
• Disciplines such as natural language processing,
  databases, software engineering, machine
  learning, knowledge representation
• Semantic Web and commercial applications
• Existing and growing market for Corporate
  Semantic Web applications

12
Panel discussion

• "The Role of Semantic Web in Web 2.0 Partner or
  Follower?"
• Web 2.0 blogs, wikis, feeds, social
  networking/tagging systems, also AJAX (web like a
  desktop application), REST
• Role of SW technologies in Web 2.0?
• Semantics for applications

13
Topic areas (sections)

• Social Software
• Ontology Mapping, Merging, and Alignment
• Database Technologies
• Collaboration and Cooperation
• Applications of SW Technologies with Lessons
  Learned
• Machine Learning and Query Evaluation 

14
Topic areas (sections)

• Rule and Ontology Languages
• Languages, Tools, and Methodologies for
  Representing and Managing Data
• Robust and Scalable Semantic Web Techniques
• Semantic Web Service Composition
• Knowledge Management
• Semantic Integration
• Semantic Search

15
Ontology Mapping, Merging, and Alignment (1/4)

• Antoine Zimmermann, Jérôme Euzenat Three
  Semantics for Distributed Systems and their
  Relations with Alignment Composition
• Distributed systemontologies and alignments
• Examine three different semantics of a DS
• Composition operation
• Simple d. s. (interpretation within the same
  domain), integrated d. s. (local interpretation
  is reconciled in a global domain using equalizing
  functions), contextualized d. s. (reconcilation
  for each pair of ontologies, they relate two
  local interpretation domains)
• example O1, O2, O3 with A of O1 and O2 a B of O2
  a O3 task deduce a third alignment of O1 a O3
  (composition of A and B)
• Main goal alignment composition syntactic
  composition, semantic composition

16
Ontology Mapping, Merging, and Alignment (2/4)

• Wei Hu et al Block Matching for Ontologies
• A block set of domain entitites
• A block mapping a pair of matched blocks from
  two ontologies
• Blocks as partitioning problem
• 1st phase constructing virtual documents
  (vectors, weights - TFIDF)
• 2nd phase computation of relatedness (cosine
  measure in VSM)
• 3rd partitioning by bisection algorithm -gt
  dendrogram with block mappings at different
  levels of granularity
• 4th extracting of the optimal black mappings
• example Month, Day, Year with Date

17
Ontology Mapping, Merging, and Alignment (3/4)

• Loredana Laera et al Reaching agreement over
  ontology alignments
• Ontologies as vocabulary for agents
  communication -gt reconciliation of mismatches
  (reconciliation of different existing ontologies)
• task alignments agreeable for both agents
• Proposed framework (i) a formal argument
  manipulation schema, (ii) agents preferences
  between particular kinds of arguments
• Candidate mapping with a set of justifications
  lt-gt agent with its pre-ordered of preferences and
  threshold (alignment rationales)

18
Reaching agreement over ontology alignments

• Various categories of arguments
• Internal structure (properties of c are mapped
  to those of c)
• External structure (e and e have mapped
  neighbours)
• Terminological (entities labels share lexical
  features)
• Extensional (instances of e and e are mapped)
• Semantic

19
Ontology Mapping, Merging, and Alignment (4/4)

• Vanessa Lopez et al PowerMap Mapping the Real
  Semantic Web on the Fly
• Requirements for run-time mapping techniques
• PowerMap algorithm
• Adrian Mocan et al Formal Model for Ontology
  Mapping Creation
• First-Order Logic as formalism for representing
  this model

20
Database Technologies

• Marcelo Arenas et al Semantics and Complexity of
  SPARQL
• Regarding complexity of SPARQL in W3Cs proposal
  are ambiguities, gaps and features difficult to
  understand
• Formalization of the semantics of SPARQL
• Study the expressiveness and complexity
• Beneficial for rewriting queries, help in
  optimization
• Focusing on the graph pattern matching facility
• Optimizations based on normal forms (for graph
  patterns)

21
Rule and Ontology Languages

• Saartje Brockmans et al A Model Driven Approach
  for Building OWL DL and OWL Full Ontologies
• Support the development of ontologies using UML
  modeling tools (Meta-Object Facility, MOF based
  ontology development)
• OMG standardization effort for an Ontology
  Definition Metamodel (ODM) a metamodel for OWL
  (OWLBase Package OWL Ontology, Class
  Descriptions, OWLDL and OWLFull Package)
• Also implementation as eclipse plugin
• http//www.eclipse.org/emft/projects/eodm/
• UML profile as a extension to UML
• MDA meta-metamodel layer (M3), metamodel layer
  (M2), model layer (M1), and instance layer (M0)

22
Machine Learning and Query Evaluation

• Klaas Dellschaft et al On How to Perform a Gold
  Standard Based Evaluation of Ontology Learning
• Call for repeatable evaluation scheme
• Framework for gold standard based evaluation of
  ontologies
• New taxonomic measure for evaluation of ontology
  learning procedure fulfill three main criterias
  multi dimensional evaluation (different kind of
  errors, independent measures), varying weight
  errors according to position of concept in
  hierarchy, scale interval is more even (slight
  error -gt slight decrease of measure)

23
Applications of SW Technologies with Lessons
Learned (1/2)

• Li Ding et al Characterizing the Semantic Web on
  the Web (Web aspect of the Semantic Web)
• Design a conceptual model of SW
• Harvesting of Semantic Web documents on the Web
• Measuring data (using model on collected dataset)
• Largest source websites (www.livejournal.com),
  age, size
• conclusions
• SW is growing steadily on the Web even when many
  documents are only online for a short time
• Most classes (gt97) have no instances and the
  majority of properties (gt70) have never been
  used
• Ontologies can be induced by the instantiations
  of ontological definition in instance space

24
Applications of SW Technologies with Lessons
Learned (2/2)

• Wolfgang Holzinger et al Using Ontologies for
  Extracting Product Features from Web Pages
• Digital camera domain
• Table ontology and meta domain ontology,
  reasoning about semantics of content
• 1st phase table extraction utilize visual
  features (visual rendition of the Web page)
• 2nd phase expressing by means of table ont.
• 3rd phase content spotting keyword spotters and
  type spotters using domain ontology (next derive
  additional facts)

25
Languages, Tools, and Methodologies for
Representing and Managing Data

• Michiel Hildebrand et al /facet A Browser for
  Heterogeneous Semantic Web Repositories
• Browsing multiple resource types -gt relatively
  complex queries
• Real scenario portal to on-line collections of
  national museum (several collections from Dutch
  museums of paintings)
• Automatic facet configuration according to
  underlying RDFS dataset
• Also Poster as well as Semantic Web Challenge

26
Machine Learning and Query Evaluation

• Carlos Hurtado et al A Relaxed Approach to RDF
  Querying
• Relaxation of the querys conditions
• Not only OPTIONAL clause for querying (dropping
  optional triple patterns)
• Moreover replacing constants with variables or
  using the class and property hierarchies
• Eg. relaxation (?X,type,ConferenceArticle) -gt
  (?X,type,Article), (?X,editorOf,?Y) -gt
  (?X,contributorOf,?Y)
• Rank results of a query

27
Robust and Scalable Semantic Web Techniques

• Aaron Kershenbaum et al The Summary Abox
  Cutting Ontologies Down to Size
• Semantic Web Service Composition
• Freddy Lécué et al A formal model for semantic
  Web service composition

28
Poster session

• Paulo Maio et al Building Consensus on Ontology
  Mapping
• Jingshan Huang et al Superconcept Formation
  System--An Ontology Matching Algorithm for Web
  Applications

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ISWC 2006 at hand

• Photos taken by participants (now 705 photos)
• http//www.flickr.com/groups/iswc/pool/
• Videos from ISWC2006 conference
• http//seminars.ijs.si/iswc2006/

30
ISWC 2007

• South Korea
• Google trends 1st ontology, 1st Semantic Web,
  1st Web 2.0