Reciprocal Teaching

1
Reciprocal Teaching

• Strategies for Improving Reading Comprehension
• Mary Haller
• 
  March 20,2004

2
What the Research Says About Reciprocal Teaching

• Palincsar and Brown 1986 when reciprocal teaching
  was used for just 15 days students reading
  increases from 30- 80.
• According to a study by Palinscar and Klenk 1991,
  students not only improved their comprehension
  skills immediately, but they also maintained
  improved comprehension skills when tested a year
  later.
• Lubliner 2001 points out that reciprocal teaching
  is an effective teaching technique that can
  improve on the kind of reading comprehension that
  is necessary not only for improved test scores
  but also for an information age.

3
Reciprocal Teaching is powerful researched based
technique. It is NOT a stand alone methodfor
teaching comprehension.

• Previewing
• Self Questioning
• Making Connections
• Visualizing

• Knowing How Words Work
• Monitoring
• Summarizing
• Evaluating

4
The Five Reciprocal Teaching Strategies

• Predicting
• Questioning
• Clarifying
• Summarizing
• Visualizing

5
But dont I use these five strategies already?

• Most likely, you already teach your students to
  predict, question, clarify, summarize and
  visualize.
• The difference with reciprocal teaching is that
  the strategies are delivered as a
  multiple-strategy package used in concert with
  one another rather than as separate strategies.
• The aim of reciprocal teaching is for good
  readers to cycle through five strategies,not
  necessarily in order, to make sense of the text.

6
Essential Teaching That Facilitates and Enhances
Whole Class Instruction

• Introduce Reciprocal teaching team The Fabulous
  Five
• Using the be the teacher bookmark
• Use cooperative table groups
• Mini lessons
• Whats your prediction?
• Pick a question
• Clarifying and Visualizing
• Table group summaries

• A think Aloud help make reciprocal teaching come
  alive
• Bookmarks prompts students to predict, question,
  clarify, summarize and visualize
• Use reciprocal teaching puzzles for Cooperative
  Table groups

7
I am so busy that I can barely teach what I have
on my agenda now. How can I fit reciprocal
teaching strategies into what I am doing already?

• You dont need to overhaul the curriculum.
• After introducing the five strategies you can
  incorporate the strategies using text for
  reading, social studies and science.
• Math teacher even ask students to predict,
  question, clarify summarize and visualize.

8
Are there any common problems that students
experience with teaching reciprocal teaching?

• Predicting Students may not make logical
  predictions based on clues from the text or their
  experiences.
• Questioning Students may only generate literal
  questions and may need modeling toward asking
  inferential or main idea questions.
• Clarifying Students may initially clarify only
  difficult , new or confusing words because
  students rarely recognize they are having trouble
  with an idea in the text.
• SummarizingStudents may miss points or supply a
  summary that is too long, too short or a word by
  word rendition.

9
What is your best piece of advice for using
reciprocal teaching?

• Model the strategies
• Be consistent
• Use the strategies several times a week