Chinese Name Authority Control : The HKCAN Model

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Chinese Name Authority Control The HKCAN Model

• Kylie CHAN Lily HU Patrick LO
• Lingnan University Library

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Outline

• Problems of using existing LCNA
• Urgent need for a Hong Kong authority file
• HKCAN workgroup
• Future development of Chinese authority work

3
Problems of Using Existing LCNA

• Hong Kong libraries adopt MARC21 standard
• gt3 million name headings are all in romanized
  form
• All Chinese headings are in romanized form only,
  without the Chinese script
• Word-phonetic transliteration presents NO
  morphological meaning

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Omitting Original Chinese Script

• Chan mu chieh kan huan hsin tien Li tai kang
  pao tou cheng / Chen ying chu.

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Repeating Main-Heading-Entry Tag
CMARC CNMARC UNIMARC
Original Chi. script
Trans-literat-ion
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Repeating Main-Heading-Entry Tag
MARC21
Non-repeatable
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Equal Weight on both English Chinese

• HK is a bilingual society

• Many authors publish in both Chinese English
• Many publications issued in bilingual format

Chinese
English

• See-also to link up different language headings
  is tiresome time-consuming

8
Lack of Uniqueness

• Li, Chi

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Headings with Mixed Forms
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Features Uniqueness of Chinese Civilizations

• gt5000 years culture -- much uniqueness has not
  been featured by AACR2

• Different forms of ones name in different
  publications, e.g. school name, studio name,
  official name, courtesy name, temple name, pen
  name, etc.

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Different Ways to Represent Ancient Chinese
Emperors Titles

• e.g. Kublai Khan
• and NOT (Hubilie)
• Genghis Khan
• and NOT (Chengjishihan)
• Wu hou
• and NOT (Wu, Zetian)

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Inconsistent Treatment of Personal Names in LCNA
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Limited Coverage of Chinese-Name Headings in LCNA
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Urgent Need for a Hong Kong Authority File

• Should NOT rely merely on LCNA
• Inadequate vendor-supplied authority control
  services in Chinese language
• Some HK libraries have developed their own ways
  to deal with Chinese authority data

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Various Authority Record Formats
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Inconsistent Bibliographic Information

• Different libraries choose different
  authoritative forms for a name

• Problem of inconsistent bibliographic information
  is highlighted when searching under networked
  environment

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To search for under networked
environment
720
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To search for under
networked environment
286
19

• Varying

• practices

• Cataloging

• Sharing of authority work

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Hong Kong Chinese Authority (Name) Workgroup
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HKCAN
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HKCAN
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Better
Faster
Cheaper
More
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HKCANs Goals

• Faster speeds up progress of Chinese authority
  work
• Better provides greater consistency
• Cheaper reduces redundant time effort
• More provides comprehensive coverage of Chinese
  name headings

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HKCAN Databases Unique Features

• 1. Records can be downloaded via remote access

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Single / Two Authority Records?

• 7XX / Double 1XXs?

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7XX--Heading Linking Entries

• Once considered but NOT feasible for HK libraries
• Its actual application NOT yet been clearly
  defined in MARC 21
• NOT yet been widely adopted by library communities

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7XX--Heading Linking Entries
LC record 1XX Lau, Joseph 7XX
HKCAN record 1XX
7XX Lau, Joseph

• Time-consuming labor-intensive for on-going
  maintenance updating TWO separate authority
  records

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7XX--Heading Linking Entries

• Does NOT enable comprehensive searching of
  multilingual publications concurrently
• Using 7xx to locate publications in other
  language/script on OPAC is confusing

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7XX--Search Result

• To search for

Lingnan University

• You searched for the AUTHOR Lingnan University

3 AUTHORS found, with 11 entries AUTHORS 1-3 are
1. Lingnan University (Hong Kong)
--gtSee also
LINGNAN COLLEGE (HONG KONG)
..1 entry
2. Lingnan University (Hong Kong)
--gt See also heading in other thesaurus
..1 entry
.9 entries
3. Lingnan University (Hong Kong)
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HKCAN Databases Unique Features

• 2. Using a single authority record
• To link up an authors multilingual publications
• 1XX headings in different languages/scripts are
  regarded as equivalents

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HKCAN Model A
880 will not be considered, when using double 1XXs
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Expected search result

• To search for (1XX)

• All works by Lau, Joseph
  S. M. will be retrieved

• To search for Lau, Joseph S.M. (1XX)

• All works by Lau, Joseph S. M.
  will be retrieved

• To search for Liu, Shaoming (4XX)

• Liu,Shaoming ? see

• Liu,Shaoming ? see Lau, Joseph S. M.

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Disadvantages of Model A

• 2nd 1XX - NOT supported by Innovative
• LC established form - NOT always a systematic
  transliteration of Chinese form in 1st 1XX

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HKCAN Model B

• 1st 1XX -- in Chinese script
• 2nd 1XX -- Replaced by 19X (Locally defined field
  for English form or Pinyin)

19X Tag
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Tag 19Xs 2nd indicator
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HKCAN Database Setup

• 1. Merging of authority data
• More than 100,000 Chinese authority records have
  been created by 7 local libraries
• Average annual intake 23,000 records
• A library will remove all duplicates

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HKCAN Database Setup

• 2. Software development enhance NCLs software
  to web-based interface, with capability to
  support CCCII, Big5 GB internal codes
• 3. System maintenance daily technical server
  support will be taken up by a larger-scale library

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Future Development of HKCAN

• 1. Online linkage to individual libraries
  catalogues

Bibliographic Catalogues
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Future Development of HKCAN
2. Machine-generated authority records
Bibliographic record
Authority record
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• Future Enhancement of HKCAN Records

• Future Enhancement of HKCAN Records

• Future Enhancement of HKCAN Records

• Future Enhancement of HKCAN Records

• multilingual, multiscript, multipurpose
• operate under Web-based environment

• multilingual, multiscript, multipurpose
• operate under Web-based environment

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Tag 856

• Web-based interface extends the traditional
  boundaries of authority work
• Access to information will NOT be governed by
  restrictive MARC tags
• Will increase access to sharing of information
  worldwide

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Tag 856
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Cooperation on an International scale

• In Beijing -- 250,000 name authority records
  have been created by NLC
• In Taiwan -- NCL NTU are merging their
  authority records into a new database
• LCNAs success -- built upon an international
  cooperative effort
• NACO -- 200 libraries to share the National
  Authority File

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Shared authority files to serve international
audience

• Other overseas library communities can also
  benefit from HKCAN
• HKCANs success relies on all library
  communities support in the 19X-Authority Model

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Conclusion

• MARC21 must allow original Chinese script

• HKCAN project is by NO means easy
• It is an imperative task for all libraries
  concerned

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Mission Impossible?


Name Authority
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Conclusion

• Our success hinges on the support, cooperative
  spirit, effective communication among all library
  communities

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Mission Possible!

Name Authority
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Conclusion

• HKCAN is still at implementation stage
• Worth to participate in contribute to the
  shared authority files

Comprehensive Chinese bibliographical Database
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• Thanks!