English ColoniesPilgrims

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Colonization in America!

• English Colonies Pilgrims
• Middle Colonies Southern Colonies

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English Colonies

• Sir Humphrey Gilbert
• Received Charter, but failed
• Sir Walter Raleigh
• Financed trip himself
• Called the land Virginia
• The lost Colony of Roanoke
• What happened?

Sir Humphrey Gilbert
Sir Walter Raleigh
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Sir Walter Raleigh
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Jamestown, Virginia(1607)

• The London Company
• 105 adventurous males in search of gold and
  wealth
• Problems
• Men were not fit to survive (2/3 perished)
• Conflict With Natives (Powhatan Tribe)
• Location was ripe with diseases and brutal winters

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Jamestown
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What are they farming?
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Saviors of Jamestown

• JOHN SMITH
• Great Leader
• Took Control of Jamestown
• Returned to England

• JOHN ROLFE
• -Cultivated Tobacco
• -Married Pocahontas
• -Killed by Powhatan

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                            Bacon's Rebellion In
1676 settlers led by planter Nathaniel Bacon
fought Virginias colonial government under the
leadership of colonial governor Sir William
Berkeley for failing to protect them from raids
by the Susquehannock people. This illustration
shows settlers defending their property from
Native American attack. During the rebellion,
settlers marched on Jamestown and burned the
colonial capital. The rebellion faded later that
year after Bacon died unexpectedly.
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Religious Persecution

• Puritans
• Purify the Church of England
• Leaders had too much authority
• Pilgrims
• Separatists leave the Church of England
• England was not tolerant of other churches
  (ironic?)
• Immigrated to America

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Pilgrims in America

• Landed in Plymouth in 1620
• Signed the Mayflower Compact
• Everyone in the colony contributed (men, WOMEN,
  and children)
• Squanto helped them survive

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Pilgrim Overview
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Massachusetts Bay Colony

• We must delight in each other, make others
  conditions our own and rejoice together, mourn
  together, labor and suffer together, always
  having before our eyesour community For we must
  consider that we shall be like a City upon a
  Hill the eyes of all people are on us.
• John Winthrop

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Life in Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Religion, Family duties, and public work
• Community life was more stable than in Virginia
• Middle Class
• Grew food for their use rather than crops for
  sale
• Women had to
• 1) Obey their husbands
• 2) Have Children
• 3) Run the house
• Education was important in order to read the
  Bible (1636 Harvard was founded)
• Literacy was much lower in Virginia

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Thomas Hooker (Connecticut)

• 1636 left Massachusetts to found Connecticut
• Drafted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut,
  What is that?????????
• Allowed men who were not church members vote
• What do you think his nickname is?

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Roger Williams (Rhode Island)

• Criticized general court for taking land from
  American Indians
• Promoted Religious Tolerance
• Believed in separation of Church and State

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Lord Baltimore (George Calvert) Maryland

• He never lived there, died as his charter was
  being authorized
• Settled for English Catholics
• Proprietors government, land owner control
• Toleration Act of 1649 made restricting the
  rights of Christians a crime

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Peter Stuyvesant (New York)

• Dutch ruler of New York
• English ship took over New Amsterdam without
  firing a single weapon
• New Amsterdam was renamed New York
• Dutch, Swedes, Finns, and Scots

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William Penn (Pennsylvania)

• New Jersey Quaker
• Supported nonviolence as well as religious
  tolerance for all people
• Limited his own power
• Sold land to colonists for low prices
• Said that government would care for the poor
• Designed capital city of Philadelphia
• Trivia- What musician claims to be a Quaker?
• Dave Matthews

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The Carolinas

• King Charles II gave land to 8 of his friends
• It was a single colony, but too big to manage so
  it split
• South Carolina had more slaves than free whites
  to work the rice fields. Bought as a Royal Colony
  in 1719.
• North Carolina had few plantations, bought as a
  Royal Colony in 1729.

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James Oglethorpe (Georgia)

• Granted permission by King George II for a
  charter for a poor English Colony
• Intended for people who had been jailed or had
  unpaid debts
• Swiss, German, Jewish, and Protestants all moved
  too
• He gave poor colonists free passage, food , land,
  and cattle until they could fend for themselves
• 20 years later Oglethorpe gave up his charter
  because colonists were not happy. They wanted
  slavery and more land.

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Who would you vote for? Why?

• William Penn
• Thomas Hooker
• John Winthrop
• Peter Stuyvesant
• John Rolfe
• Roger Williams
• Lord Baltimore (Cecilius Calvert)
• William Bradford
• James Oglethorpe

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Representative Government Develops in the
Colonies

• All colonies were owned by English Monarch
• Each government was given power by a charter.
• There were 3 types of CHARTERS
• Proprietary (land owners choose officials)
• Company (company chooses officials)
• Royal (King and Queen choose officials)

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Virginia Assembly

• Jamestown Virginia was the 1st colonial
  legislature in North America
• Two Houses
• Council of State
• House of Burgess

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Economics in the Colonies

• Trading and Farming
• Mercantilism
• Exporting more than importing.
• The Navigation Acts
• Required colonies to do most the trading with
  England, imposed taxes (duties) on goods

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SECTION 2
The Growth of Trade
Types of Trading

• smuggling
• triangular trade
• slave trade

TRADING IN THE COLONIES
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Trade Across the Atlantic
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The Middle Passage

• 10 million Africans Across the Atlantic
• Terrible conditions (disease, suicide,
  malnutrition)
• 15-20 did not make it

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Middle Passage
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SECTION 3
The Colonial Economy
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