(except that oceanographers combine the half with Cfrict)

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(except that oceanographers combine the half with
Cfrict)
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Cells are 1 minute of arc lat. 1.5 minutes long
2.617 km2. Power 6.165 TW x Cf
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Peak spring Pentland sea-bed friction 6.165
TeraWatt x Cf But what is Cf ?
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Laminaria Hyperborea (kelp) are found along the
edges of the Pentland Firth at depths up to 30 m.
Length can reach 3.5 metres. Cf ?
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68 mm bob
Pentland bed stills. P Hayes. Fisheries Research
Aberdeen 2006-8
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Friction coefficients for Fshear 0.5 ? U2 Cf
6.165 TW x 0.04 247 GW
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• 6.165 TeraWatt x 0.04
• 247 GW
• X 0.38 74 GW

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Head and velocity data from Proudman
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Peak at M2
The spectrum of the Proudman prediction for the
Pentland slope with M2 normalised to unity.
There is no third harmonic.
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Real ADCP velocity record from Burra Sound. Peak
at 1.018
Proudman numerical velocity prediction for
Pentland Firth. Peak at 1.221
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Prandle D. Nature 5 April 1979. 68 degree phase
anomaly of M2 measured by voltages induced by the
vertical component of the earths magnetic field.
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Degrees lag
Phase by zero crossings 63.4
Phase by real and imaginary M2 peaks of slope and velocity 58.1
Phase by earths magnetic field 68
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EWTEC Patras 1998
Edinburgh vertical-axis, variable pitch with rim
power take off.
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S.Salter_at_ed.ac.uk www.see.ed.ac.uk/shs
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Runge H. Suchandt S et al. Synthetic Aperture
radar IEEE 2006
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MCT Seaflow. 11 m diameter 300kW dumped to local
load. Installed Lynton June 2003. No
bio-fouling Still there !
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Peter Fraenkel Marine Current Turbines Strangford
Lough 1.2 MW About to be installed
http//www.marineturbines.com/home.htm
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MCT Sea Gen 1.2 MW
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Seacore Jackup Excalibur April 2005 surveying
Strangford Lough
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Power flows from MCT site off Lynton in the
Bristol Channel. IT Power report to DTI
T/06/00210/00/rep October 2005
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Source CF for ½ ?U2
Campbell, Simpson and Allen Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science vol 46 1998. Menai strait (0.0086 0.0002) x 2 0.0172
George K. Hydrographic Journal October 2005 Positions along Menai strait 0.006, 0.008, 0.013, 0.015, 0.018, 0.02
Abbot and von Doenhoff. Dover 1959. One side of a NACA 0006 fighter wing at 0 deg incidence. Rey No 6E6. Polished 0.0025 Standard roughness 0.0045
Bricker, Inagaki and Monismith. ASCE Journal of Hydraulic Engineering June 2005. Combinations of waves and currents with results depending on ratio of current at one metre above bed to maximum orbital wave velocity. San Franciso Bay. Silt and fine sand. 0.004 (low waves) to 0.08
Rippeth, Williams and Simpson. Journal of Physical Oceanography vol 32, 2002. Menai Strait with ADCP and mean depth current 0.0052 0.0004
Vitale ASCE Journal of Waterway,Port, Coastal and ocean Division August 1979. Average wave friction from many sites 0.094, 0.1, 0.106, 0.116,0.166, 0.28
Bagnold. Proc. Roy. Soc. December 1946. Waves with sand ripples 0.05, 0.144, 0.16, 0.18,
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Abbot and von Doenhoff Lift v. drag plot Naca
0006
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Centre flow velocity lags head by 63.4 degrees
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