INTRODUCTION TO DATABASES

1
CHAPTER 1

• INTRODUCTION TO DATABASES

2
Agenda

• FILE-BASED SYSTEMS
• HISTORY OF DATABASE
• DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (DBMS)

3
FILE-BASED DEFINITION

• PROGRAM DEFINES AND MANAGES ITS OWN DATA

4
LIMITATIONS OF FILE-BASED

• SEPARATION AND ISOLATION
• DUPLICATION
• PROGRAM DATA DEPENDENCE
• FIXED QUERIES
• PROLIFERATION OF APPLICATION PROGRAMS

5
HISTORY OF DATABASE SYSTEMS

• FIRST GENERATION
• HIERARCHICAL MODEL
• INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (IMS)
• NETWORK MODEL
• CONFERENCE ON DATA SYSTEM LANGUAGES (CODASYL)
• DATA BASE TASK GROUP (DBTG)
• SECOND GENERATION
• RELATIONAL MODEL
• E. F. CODD
• DB2, ORACLE
• THIRD GENERATION
• EXTENDED RELATIONAL DATA MODEL/OBJECT-RELATIONAL
  DATA MODEL
• OBJECTED-ORIENTED DATA MODEL

6
DATABASE

• DEFINITION
• A COLLECTION OF SELF-DESCRIBING AND INTEGRATED
  DATA FILES
• SYSTEM CATALOG
• META DATA
• DATA DICTIONARY
• OVERHEAD DATA
• DATA ABSTRACTION

7
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS) FACILITIES

• DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE (DDL)
• DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE (DML)
• STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE (SQL)
• VIEW
• SECURITY SYSTEM
• INTEGRITY SYSTEM
• CONCURRENCY CONTROL SYSTEM
• BACKUP RECOVERY SYSTEM

8
DBMS ENVIRONMENT

• HARDWARE
• SOFTWARE
• DATA
• PEOPLE
• PROCEDURE

9
ROLES IN DATABASE ENVIRONMENT

• DATA ADMINISTRATOR DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR
• Administration
• DATABASE DESIGNER
• Logical physical
• APPLICATION PROGRAMMER
• END-USER
• Naive sophisticated

10
ADVANTAGES OF DATABASE SYSTEMS

• CONTROL REDUNDANCY
• CONSISTENCY
• INTEGRITY
• SECURITY
• CONCURRENCY CONTROL
• BACKUP RECOVERY
• DATA STANDARD
• MORE INFORMATION
• DATA SHARING CONFLICT CONTROL
• PRODUCTIVITY ACCESSIBILITY
• ECONOMY OF SCALE
• MAINTENANCE

11
LIMITATIONS OF DATABASE SYSTEMS

• COMPLEXITY
• SIZE
• COST
• SOFTWARE
• HARDWARE
• CONVERSION
• PERFORMANCE
• VULNERABILITY

12
Points to Remember

• FILE-BASED SYSTEMS
• HISTORY OF DATABASE
• DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (DBMS)

13
ASSIGNMENT

• Review Chapter 1
• Read appendix c chapter 2