Presented by Gary Davis, Director, Office of Systems Development

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NOAAs Environmental Satellite Program
Past, Present, and Future

• Presented by Gary Davis, Director, Office of
  Systems Development
• NOAA/NESDIS/OSD

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Space-Based Remote Sensors Changed Way We See Our
World
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Birth Of U.S. Weather Satellite Program

• Traces back to the Department of Defense (DoD)
  rocket, sensor, and satellite development
  projects beginning the decade following World
  War II
• With little theory and very little experience
  available to guide these projects, DoD
  development teams learned their space trade on
  the job, often resulting from analyses of
  catastrophic failures
• DoD developed instruments to measure atmospheric
  conditions that the rockets were encountering as
  they were propelled to then extraordinary
  altitudes
• Measurements recovered from salvaged recorders or
  from radio transmissions were the basis for
  meteorological satellites research
• Still cameras became part of the payload and
  recovered film depicted images of the Earths
  surface and cloud cover from space

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Birth Of U.S. Weather Satellite Program
3 Nov 1957 Soviet Union launched Sputnik 2
7 Nov 1957 President Dwight Eisenhower named James Killian, Special Assistant for Science and Technology and Chairman of the President's Science Advisory Committee
5 Mar 1958 Advisory Committee on Government Organization re-designated the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and approved to lead civil space
President Eisenhower and James Killian
27 Mar 1958 Eisenhower approved plan for outer space exploration. Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) designated to undertake several space projects.
2 Apr 1958 Eisenhower proposed establishment of NASA, into which NACA was absorbed, to perform space research for civilian and military programs
29 Jul 1958 The National Aeronautics and Space Act was signed (PL 85-568) established NASA
30 Jan 1964 Basic agreement between NASA and U.S. Weather Bureau created a National Operational Meteorological Satellite System.
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Two Credible Space Agencies NASA and DoD

• Research and development efforts to improve
  space capabilities and better data
  interpretation
• May 1961 President Kennedy announces US
  intention to conduct an operational weather
  satellite programs day and night observations of
  global cloud cover
• open broadcasts of the information collected by
  the on-board sensors
• Broadcasts to be available for collection by any
  ground station in line of sight of the satellite
  without restriction on the collection and use or
  any requirement to pre-notify the United States

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WAS Rockets and Cameras
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WAS Rockets and Cameras
July 26, 1948
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WAS Rockets and Cameras
Sounding rocket launched at 1815 GMT on October
5, 1954 from White Sands, New Mexico First
Cyclone seen from space.
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Pioneers of Earths Observation
Dr. Tetsuya Ted Fujita
David Johnson
Dr. Harry Wexler
Professor Suomi
Dr. Francis W. Reichelderfer,
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Long-Time Friends

• Johnson directed 75K to be used to built spin
  scan camera.
• Joint collaboration to sell NASA to take the
  risk and fly the first camera on ATS-1!
• Handshake agreement between Suomi and Johnson
  moved 8 families to the Madison from the
  Washington Lab.
• Johnson and Suomi justified the necessity of an
  In-orbit backup and two-satellite system in
  polar and geostationary orbits. (defense of the
  1984 budget to Congress)

Professor Suomi
David Johnson
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David S Johnson1924 2004

• Director, National Environmental Satellite
  Center,
  Environmental Science Services Administration
• First Assistant Administrator, NOAA for
  Satellites and Data
• President, American Meteorological Society
• Led delegation opening dialogue with the State
  Meteorological Administration of the Peoples
  Republic of China
• Chair National Academy of Sciences Committee to
  modernize the NWS
• Consultant to the Secretary General of WMO
• Special Assistant to the President of the
  University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
• Study Director, National Research Council
• NOAA David Johnson Award recognizing young
  professionals for innovative applications of
  Earth observation data

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Explorer VIIOctober 13, 1959

• Professors Suomi and Parent pose with one of
  their radiometers. The black ball is part of
  their heat budget experiment.

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Exciting Moment in NOAA
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Exciting Moment in NOAA

• First weather satellite launched from Cape
  Canaveral, FL
• 77 Days
• Satellite Weight 122 kg
• Payload Two TV cameras, two video recorders,
  and the power, communications, and other systems
  needed
• First view of cloud formations as they developed
  and moved across the continent

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A Period of Phenomenal Remote Sensing Discovery
and Development

• Late 1960s and early 1970s NASA and NOAA
  developed a relationship
• NASA developed the environmental satellite
  technology for NOAA
• NASA received from NOAA insights concerning the
  conduct of daily satellite operations, data
  processing, and timely delivery of products, as
  well as application of these data.
• NOAA reimbursed NASA for personnel and other
  costs incurred helping NOAA meet its space
  mission
• General and specific agreements governed the
  relationship, responsibilities, and costs of the
  support provided to NOAA
• NOAA was charged with
• determining civilian user satellite services
  requirements
• specifying the required system performance
• obtaining the funds to build, launch and operate
  the satellite/ground systems
• NASA was charged with
• Building and launching prototypes (ATS, SMS,
  NIMBUS, TIROS-N, etc)
• Acquiring and launching operational satellites
  for NOAA

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Polar Satellites 1965
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NOAA-19 Satellite Launch

NOAA-19 Delta II 7320 Space Launch Complex 2,
Vandenberg AFB Feb. 6, 2009 1022 GMT
43 U.S. Polar-orbiting weather/environmental satellites launched 43 U.S. Polar-orbiting weather/environmental satellites launched 43 U.S. Polar-orbiting weather/environmental satellites launched 43 U.S. Polar-orbiting weather/environmental satellites launched
TIROS ESSA ITOS TIROS-N/NOAA
1960-65 1966-69 1970-77 1978 to present
10 9 8 16
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GOES-14 LAUNCH

• Launched on June 27, 2009 at 651pm EDT aboard a
  Delta-IV rocket from Space Launch Complex (SLC)
  37B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida.
• GOES-O reached final geostationary orbit on July
  8, 2009 at which time GOES-O was be renamed
  GOES-14.

17 U.S. Geostationary weather/environmental satellites launched 17 U.S. Geostationary weather/environmental satellites launched
SMS GOES
1974-75 1975 to Present
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For Official Use Only Predecisional,
Deliberative Information - Not for Public Release
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Where are We Going?

• NPOESS and GOES-R
• More timely and accurate 305 day weather
  forecasts
• Longer lead time for severe weather warnings
• Continue data sets needed for climate research
• Jason-3
• Ocean Vector Winds Mission (QuikScat)
• GPS Radio Occultations
• Restoring demanifested Climate Sensors (CERES,
  TSIS, APS, OMPS)
• Solar Wind
• Partnering with NASA on other areas
• Decadal Survey
• Joint Center for Satellite Simulation