Pwpt Launching

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Agricultural Extension Workers Congress 22
October 2009 A presentation by Lurraine
Baybay Villacorta Project Manager ILO MDG-F
Climate Change Adaptation Proje ct
in collaboration with
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ILO MDG-F Climate Change Adaptation
Project Climate Resilient Farming Communities
in Agusan del Norte through Innovative Risk
Transfer Mechanisms
Climate Change What it is? What causes it?
Its impact on People,
Livelihood, on Farmers and Agriculture
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The primary goal of the ILO today is to promote
opportunities for women and men to obtain decent
and productive work, in conditions of freedom,
equity, security and human dignity. ILO
Director General Juan Somavia
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...an emblem for a more sustainable economy and
society, to mobilize governments, employers and
workers to engage in dialogue on coherent
policies and effective programmes leading to a
green economy with green jobs and decent work for
all.
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Joint Programme on Strengthening the
Institutional Capacity to Adapt to Climate Change

• Duration 2009 2011 ( 3 years)
• Funding US 8.62 Million
• Funding Source
• Government of Spain (US8 M)
• MDG Achievement Fund (MDG-F)
• Thematic Window on Environment and
• Climate
  Change

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Joint Programme Outcomes

• Outcome 1 Climate risk reduction (CRR)
• mainstreamed into key
  national and
• selected local development
  plans and processes

Outcome 2 Enhanced national and local capacity
to develop, manage and
administer plans, programs and
projects addressing climate change risks
Outcome 3 Coping mechanisms improved through
pilot schemes with national
up-scaling potential
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Outcome 3
A Local Governance Reform Model for Climate
Resilient Development in Bicol Region
Equitable Integrated Ecosystems Climate Change
Adaptation in the Cordilleras
(FAO / DA)
(Province of Albay)
Strengthening Disease Surveillance, emergency
Preparedness, and Response for Climate
Change-Related Conditions in Metro Manila and
Albay
Designing and Building with Nature Showcasing a
Climate Change Resilient Human Settlement in
Sorsogon City
(UN Habitat/HUDCC)
(WHO/DOH)
Climate resilient farming communities in Agusan
del Norte through innovative risk transfer
mechanisms
(ILO/DTI DOLE)
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• Agusan del Norte
• Major Livelihood-Farming gt99 (approx 62T
  hectares) land used economically devoted to
  Agriculture
• Rice, Coconut, Banana, Corn, Mango,
• Abaca
• Emerging industry mix Agri-Business

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• Agusan del Norte
• Farming Communities
• Lack of acceptable collateral
• Low paying capacity
• Limited business experience
• Unstable income/cash flow
• Lack of access to credit information system

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• Specific Objectives
• To develop and test financial safety nets for
  vulnerable populations, especially women and
• To develop the capacities of vulnerable
  populations to participate and avail of the
  benefits under economic diversification and a
  democratized governance system

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• SMART Outputs
• Guidelines for the innovative financing
• Agreement with financing institutions to
• implement the Financing scheme
• Climate Change Adaptation Insurance Fund
• Knowledge Management Products and Policy
• Paper on possible up-scaling/replication

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Climate Change A Global Challenge
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Climate Change
Changes in regional climate
characteristics, including temperature, humidity,
rainfall, wind, and severe weather events
Any change in climate over time, whether due to
natural variability or as a result of human
activity IPCC
Change in climate attributable directly or
indirectly to human activity that alters the
composition of the global atmosphere and which is
in addition to natural climate variability
observed over comparable time periods UNFCC

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The Thames Barrier, a major flood defense system
in London designed to be used once every two to
three years is now being used six times a year
due to increased rainfall.
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Last March 2006, Cyclone Larry the worst
cyclone to hit Queensland since 1931, left an
unbelievable level of destruction, devastation
and despair in its wake.
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Ondoy and Peping Sept/October 2009 Flooding
Manila after half day of rain, destroying farms
in Northern Luzon
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• Longer droughts have been observed since the
  1970s

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In China, at least 300,000 people are short of
drinking water because of unseasonably warm
weather as China experiences its warmest winter
for 30 years, which officials link to climate
change.
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Climate Change in the Philippines
Dry seasons becoming drier. Wet seasons becoming
wetter.
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FACT 1 Global temperatures are rising
Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as
is now evident from observations of increases in
global average air and ocean temperatures,
widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising of
the global mean sea level. (IPCC, 2007)
Warmest 12 years on record
Changes in temperature, sea level and northern
hemisphere snow cover
Source Angus Mackay, UNDP Bangkok, IPCC 2007

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Trends in observed annual mean sea level (m)
Philippines Initial National Communication
Source Angus Mackay, UNDP Bangkok
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To be able to understand Climate Change is to
understand first the concept of the greenhouse
effect.
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• warming that happens when certain gases in
  Earth's atmosphere trap heat.
• Without greenhouse gases all infrared radiation
  from the sun will be reradiated back to space and
  none will remain making the earth unlivable
  (-18ºC).

Back
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What are the greenhouse gases (GHGs)?

• Carbon dioxide
• Methane
• Nitrous Oxide
• Ozone
• Water Vapor

These are naturally found in the atmosphere and
they trap heat close to the Earths surface. But
by burning of fossil fuels to sustain our modern
lifestyle, we increase their levels very fast.
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What are the greenhouse gases caused by human
activities?

• Carbon dioxide
• Methane
• Nitrous oxide
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
• Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
• Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)

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Carbon Dioxide

• Combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil
  and gas in power plants, automobiles, industrial
  facilities

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Carbon Dioxide
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Methane

• 21 times more effective in trapping heat than CO2
• Sources (enteric fermentation in livestock
  prodn) Landfills, Natural Gas Systems, Coal
  Mining, Manure Management, Wastewater Treatment,
  Rice Cultivation, Stationary Sources, Mobile
  Sources, Agricultural Residue Burning

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• Methane

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Nitrous Oxide

• 310 times more effective in trapping heat than
  CO2
• Sources (fertilizers and manures) agricultural
  soil management, animal manure management, sewage
  treatment, mobile and stationary combustion of
  fossil fuel, and nitric acid production. Nitrous
  oxide is also produced naturally from a wide
  variety of biological sources in soil and water,
  particularly microbial action in wet tropical
  forests.

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• Nitrous Oxide

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Human activities that lead to the increase in
concentration of GHGs include

• Worldwide deforestation
• Increasing industrial activity
• Motor vehicle emission
• Waste management practices
• Intensive agriculture

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FACT 2 Global warming is accelerated by human
activity
Natural anthropogenic forcing
Natural forcing only
1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -1.0
Temperature Anomaly
Pinatubo
Pinatubo
Santa Maria
Agung
Santa Maria
El Chichon
Agung
El Chichon
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
Global mean surface temperature anomalies from
observations (black) and as simulated by a
variety of global climate models.
Source Angus Mackay, UNDP Bangkok, IPCC 2007
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FACT 3 Global warming impacts key development
sectors
PUBLIC HEALTH
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
WATER RESOURCES
COASTAL SYSTEMS
FORESTRY
AGRICULTURE
Infectious, respiratory, water-borne,
vector-borne diseases, heat
Less predictability, changing yields, changing
irrigation demand, pest infestations
Forest composition, range, health productivity
More variability in water supply, changes in
water Quality/ distribution, competition
Erosion, inundation, salinisation, stress
on mangroves, marshes, wetlands
Loss of habitat species, migration
Source Angus Mackay, UNDP Bangkok
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Main factors affecting Agriculture

• Temperature
• Precipitation
• Carbon Fertilization
• Surface Water Run off
• Climate Variability

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Climate Change A Dual Challenge
Decent Work
Environment
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• Climate Related Disasters
• Water shortages
• Environmental Refugees
• Displacement by flooding
• Food shortages and
• malnutrition
• Pollution
• Loss of biodiversity

Environment
Decent Work

• Working Poor
• Unemployed
• Young job seekers
• Insecurity
• Access to Energy
• Adequate housing

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FACT 4 There are strategies to deal with these
additional risks
Climate Change Mitigation and Climate Change
Adaptation are two complementary risk management
strategies
Global Climate Change
MITIGATION
ADAPTATION
Greenhouse gas emissions
Climate change impacts

• Reduce magnitude of global warming
• Reduce greenhouse gas emissions

• Reduce vulnerability to CC impacts
• Reduce human and material losses

Source Angus Mackay, UNDP Bangkok
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Climate Change erodes peoples ability to cope
with variation
Climatic variations
Time
Source Angus Mackay, UNDP Bangkok
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Coping
Anticipatory adaptation
Water resources per capita
Seasonal forecasts, food storage
Water conservation, shifting crop species
Alternative livelihoods
Risks Risk management
Water shortage, decline of agricultural production
Periodic droughts, seasonal shortage
Desiccation, failure of some agriculture
2010 2020
2030
time
Source Angus Mackay, UNDP Bangkok
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• Ability to cope and/or adapt is determined by

• Economic conditions of population at risk
• Access to and availability of resources
• Financial Resources
• Productive Resources
• (Training, Markets,
• Technology)

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• Adaptation

• Different varieties of same crop
• Changing planting dates
• Adapting practices to a shorter growing date
• New irrigation schemes
• Research on and better climate information

• Crop and livestock insurance
• Better market access for High Value crops
• Better access to financing and support
  institutions

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Acting locally in response to a global
challenge
in collaboration with