THE PLANETS minus Pluto

1
THE PLANETS(minus Pluto ?)

• CHAPTER 27

2
OUR SOLAR SYSTEM

• EIGHT PLANETS ORBIT AROUND THE SUN
• HOW DID OUR SOLAR SYSTEM BEGIN?
• WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM?

3
BEGINNINGS

• INTRASTELLAR CLOUD OF GAS AND DUST STARTED
  ROTATING
• PROBABLY BECAUSE OF SOME DISTURBANCE IN THE
  UNIVERSE
• MAYBE CAUSED BY A SUPERNOVA

4
BEGINNINGS, CONTD

• THE CLOUD STARTED CONDENSING IN ON ITSELF
• GRAVITY TOOK OVER AND 99 OF ALL THE MATERIAL
  BECAME THE SUN
• THE LEFT OVER MATERIAL BECAME THE PLANETS AND
  OTHER SPACE DEBRIS THAT ORBITS THE SUN

5
INNER PLANETS

• TERRESTRIAL OR ROCK PLANETS
• SOLID
• ROCKY CRUSTS
• DENSE MANTLE LAYERS
• VERY DENSE CORES

6
OUTER PLANETS

• LARGE, GAS SPHERES
• OUTER LAYER OF MOSTLY HYDROGEN
• INNER LAYER IS HOT LIQUID HYDROGEN
• LESS DENSE

7
ASTROID BELT

• INBETWEEN THE INNER AND OUTER PLANETS
• A BELT OF DEBRIS THAT NEVER CAME TOGETHER TO FORM
  A PLANET

8
KUIPER BELT AND OORT CLOUD

• KUIPER BELT A VAST POPULATION OF SMALL BODIES
  ORBITING JUST BEYOND NEPTUNE
• SOURCE OF SHORT-PERIOD COMETS
• EXTENDS 30 50 AUS FROM THE SUN

9
OORT CLOUD

• The Oort cloud is an immense spherical cloud
  surrounding the planetary system and extending
  approximately 3 light years, about 30 trillion
  kilometers from the Sun. This vast distance is
  considered the edge of the Sun's orb of physical,
  gravitational, or dynamical influence.

10
THE INNER PLANETS

• MERCURY
• VENUS
• EARTH
• MARS

11
MERCURY

• CLOSEST TO THE SUN
• ONE YEAR 88 EARTH DAYS
• ONE DAY 59 EARTH DAYS
• DAYTIME TEMPS 4000 C
• NIGHT TEMPS -2000 C
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/solarsystem/mer
  cury/index.shtml

12
VENUS

• EARTHS SISTER PLANET
• NEAREST IN SIZE, MASS, GRAVITY
• ONE YEAR 225 EARTH DAYS
• ONE DAY 243 EARTH DAYS
• ONE DAY IS LONGER THAN A YEAR ON VENUS
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/solarsystem/ven
  us/index.shtml

13
MARS

• ABOUT HALF THE SIZE OF EARTH
• TILTED ABOUT THE SAME
• GIVES MARS 4 SEASONS
• ICE CAPS OF CO2
• WEAK MAGNETIC FIELD
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/solarsystem/mar
  s/index.shtml

14
THE OUTER PLANETSJUPITER

• LARGEST PLANET IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
• STRONGEST KNOWN MAGNETIC FIELD
• DARK BELTS OF SINKING GASES
• BRIGHT ZONES OF RISING GASES
• HIGH VELOCITY WINDS BLOW BETWEEN BELTS AND ZONE
• GREAT RED SPOT
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/solarsystem/jup
  iter/index.shtml

15
SATURN

• LOWEST DENSITY OF ANY PLANET COULD FLOAT IN
  WATER
• MOST VISIBLE RING SYSTEM
• BELTS AND ZONES OF RISING AND SINKING GASES
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/solarsystem/sat
  urn/index.shtml

16
URANUS (YUR UH-NUHS)

• ALMOST COMPLETED TIPPED ON ITS SIDE ITS NORTH
  POLE IS POINTED TOWARDS THE SUN
• ITS MAGNETIC FIELD IS NOT TIPPED
• TURQUOISE IN COLOR BECAUSE OF THE METHANE GAS
  ATMOSPHERE
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/solarsystem/ura
  nus/index.shtml

17
NEPTUNE

• IT IS ALSO TIPPED ON ITS SIDE
• POSSIBLY WATER IN THE INNER LAYERS GENERATING A
  MAGNETIC FIELD
• IS NOW THE LAST PLANET IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/solarsystem/nep
  tune/index.shtml

18
PLANETARY SATELLITES

• BODIES THAT REVOLVE AROUND PLANETS ARE CALLED
  SATELLITES OR MOONS
• NOT ALL PLANETS HAVE SATELLITES

19
WHICH PLANETS HAVE SATELLITES?

• MERCURY ______
• VENUS ______
• EARTH ________
• MARS _______

20
WHICH PLANETS HAVE SATELLITES?

• JUPITER ___________
• SATURN ___________
• URANUS ___________
• NEPTUNE __________
• PLUTO _____________

21
NUMBER OF MOONS

• MERCURY 0
• VENUS 0
• EARTH 1
• MARS 2

22
NUMBER OF MOONS

• JUPITER 63
• IO
• EUROPA
• GANYMEDE LARGEST MOON IN SOLAR SYSTEM
• CALLISTO
• AKA THE GALILEAN SATELITTES IN HONOR OF GALILEO
  WHO DISCOVERED THEM

23
NUMBER OF MOONS

• SATURN 31
• TITAN SECOND LARGEST MOON IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
• ONLY MOON TO HAVE A SUBSTANTIAL ATMOSPHERE

24
NUMBER OF MOONS

• URANUS 27
• 5 MAJOR MOONS
• NEPTUNE 13
• TRITON IS THE BIGGEST
• PLUTO CHARON

25
SOLAR SYSTEM DEBRIS

• COMETS
• ASTERIODS
• METEORS AND METEOROIDS
• METEORITES
• IMPACT CRATERS CAUSED BY DEBRIS

26
COMETS

• DIRTY SNOWBALLS
• MADE OF DUST TRAPPED IN A MIX OF FROZEN WATER,
  CARBON DIOXIDE, METHANE, AMMONIA
• SPEND MOST OF THEIR TIME IN THE KUIPER BELT AND
  THE OORT CLOUD

27
COMETS

• MORE THAN 70,000 LARGE BODIES OVER 100KM IN
  DIAMETER ARE IN THE KUIPER BELT
• ALSO MANY SMALLER SIZED OBJECTS KNOWN AS TRANS
  NEPTUNIAN OBJECTS TMOS

28
COMETS

• A FEW HAVE HIGHLY ELLIPTICAL ORBITS THAT TAKE
  THEM CLOSER TO THE SUN
• AS COMETS COME CLOSER TO THE SUN IT HEATS THE
  COMET CAUSING IT TO FORM A COMA A CLOUD OF GAS
  AND DUST TRAILING THE COMET AND CAN BE MILLIONS
  OF KM LONG
• THE SOLAR WIND PUSHES THE TAIL FAR OUT INTO SPACE
  AWAY FROM THE SUN

29
COMETS

• HALLEYS COMET RETURNS TO THE INNER SOLAR SYSTEM
  EVERY 76 YEARS
• LAST VISIT WAS IN 1986

30
ASTERIODS

• SOLID ROCK LIKE MASSES
• HAVE IRREGULAR SHAPES
• MOST HAVE NEARLY CIRCULAR ORBITS
• FOUND IN THE ASTERIOD BELT

31
METEORS AND METEORITES

• METEOR ALSO CALLED SHOOTING STARS, IS A ROCK OR
  ICY FRAGMENT TRAVELING IN SPACE BURNING UP AS IT
  HITS EARTHS ATMOSPHERE
• SMALL IN SIZE FROM LESS THAN 100 METERS IN
  DIAMETER TO THE SIZE OF A GRAIN OF SAND

32
METEORS, METEORITES

• METEORITES PART OF A LARGE METEOR THAT SURVIVES
  THE TRIP THROUGH EARTHS ATMOSPHERE AND STRIKES
  THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH

33
METEORITES

• 3 BASIC TYPES
• 94 STONY METEORITES, MADE OF SILICATES
• 5 IRON METEORITES, MADE OF IRON AND NICKEL
• 1 STONY-IRON, FORMED WHEN MOLTEN SILICATES
  CONTACT MOLTEN METAL
• ALL ARE FOUND MOSTLY IN THE ANTARCTIC ICE CAP

34
IMPACT CRATERS

• FOUND ON THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH
• BOWL SHAPED DEPRESSION CAUSED BY A METEOR OR
  ANOTHER OBJECT
• 150 KNOWN TO EXIST
• OLDEST CRATER VREDEFORT CRATER IN SOUTH AFRICA
  2 BILLION YEARS OLD
• BEST KNOWN BARRINGER CRATER IN ARIZONA 49,000
  YEARS OLD, 1200 METERS ACROSS AND 200 METERS DEEP