Photography

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Photography

• Is the capture of reflective light on light
  sensitive material.
• Film-Base Photography used silver as the light
  sensitive material.
• Digital Photography uses a light sensitive sensor
  made up of pixels.

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Digital Sensors

• Two Major Types
• 1. CCD Charged Coupler Device
• 2. CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
• Both Capture RED GREEN BLUE light

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Sensor Sensitivity

• Is defined using the photographic term ISO
• ISO stands for the International Standards
  Organization that sets film sensitive to light.\
• Todays digital sensors capture all images at one
  set ISO but through in-camera image processing
  you will have the choice of many different ISOs.
• We will study the reason for using different
  ISOs and their characteristics later in the
  semester but for now lets focus on its
  importance in image exposure.

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Exposure

• Exposure Intensity of Light (X) Time
• Intensity of Light is controlled by the aperture
  in the cameras lens, which is referred to as an
  f/stop.
• Time is controlled by the shutter in the cameras
  body, which is referred to as shutter speeds.
• The cameras ISO (sensitivity to light) will
  determined how much Intensity of Light (X) Time
  will be needed to make an correct Exposure

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Image Exposure
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Unit Of Measurement

• The unit of measurement used to measure light is
  called a Stop.
• ISOs use the measurement of a Stop
• Lens f/stop use the measurement of a Stop
• Shutter Speeds use the measurement of a Stop
• Digital Cameras most often use the following
  measurements full stops, 1/2 stops, 1/3 stops

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Full - f/stops
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Full or 1/2 f/stops either double or half as you
move from one to the other 2X -
1/2X
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Full Shutter Speeds
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Full or 1/2 shutter speeds either double or half
as you move from one to the other 2X
- 1/2X
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Full ISOs
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Full or 1/2 ISOs either double or half as you
move from one to the other 1/2X -
2X
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Review
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Range of f/stops for Digital Cameras

• The lowest f/stop is determined by the speed of
  the lens and will be different from camera to
  camera or lens to lens.
• f/1, f/1.2, f/1.4, f/1.8, f/2, f/2.8 (full stops)
• f/3.2, f/3.5, f/4, f/4.5, f/5.0, f5.6, f/6.3,
  f/7.1, f/8, f/9, f/10, f/11, f/13, f/14, f/16,
  f/18, f/20, f/22, f/25, f/29, f/32,f/256 (1/3
  stops)

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Range of Shutter Speeds for Digital Cameras

• The slowest shutter speed on any type of camera
  is B bulb or T time. Both allow you to
  hold open the shutter for an unlimited amount of
  time.
• (Slowest) 1, 08, 06, 05, 04, 03, 4, 5, 6,
  8, 10, 13, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100,
  125, 160, 200, 250, 320, 400, 500, 640, 800,
  1000, 1250, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3200,
  4000-(Fastest) Note Shutter Speeds are written
  1, 1/2..1/601/250

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Range of ISOs for Digital Cameras

• (Less Noise) ISO 50, ISO 100, ISO 200, ISO 400,
  ISO 800, ISO 1600, ISO 3200, ISO H1, ISO
  H2(Increased Noise)
• Digital Noise resembles film grain