PreColonial Africa

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Pre-Colonial Africa
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Reasons for European Expansion

• 1. Curiosity
• 2. Search for new trade routes
• 3. Desire for natural resources and wealth
• 4. Pride

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Portugal

• Why were the Portuguese the first Europeans to
  travel to Africa?
• Prince Henry the Navigator (west coast)
• Bartolomeu Dias (Cape of Good Hope)
• Vasco Da Gama (India)

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PORTUGUESE EXPLORATION
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Exploring Africa

• 1. The Gold Coast
• 2. Western Africa
• 3. East Africa
• 4. Mozambique

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The Early Slave Trade

• 1. Islamic Empire controlled the slave trade.
• 2. Intra-African Trade
• 3. Establishment of Trade Posts (later for slave
  trade) 40 along the West Coast
• 4. European expansion to the New World leads to
  increased demands for slaves.

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Slave Trade

• Years Number of Slaves of overall trade
• 1450 -1500 81,000 -
• 1500 1600 328,000 2.0
• 1601 1700 1,348,000 12.0
• 1701 1800 6,090,000 54.2
• 1801 1900 3,466,000 30.9
• ____________________________________________
• Total 11,233,000 100.0

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Where Did the Slaves Go?
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Colonial Africa

• The Scramble for Africa (1880 1900)
• Britain
• Italy
• France
• Germany
• Spain
• Belgium
• Netherlands

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THE BRITISH COME TO AFRICA

• 1553 - British ship brings back gold from Guinea
• 1650s British begin building forts on the West
  Coast of Africa, including the fort at Cape Coast
• 1700s 1800s British become heavily involved
  in the slave trade
• 1807 Britain abolishes the slave trade
• 1817 Britain begins to take control of people
  living on the coast with the consent of the
  Ashanti state.

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THE FRENCH COME TO AFRICA

• 1624 France est. trading posts in Senegal
• 1774 1815 - Conflict with Britain destroys
  French colonialism
• 1830 France invades Algeria

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BERLIN CONFERENCE

• 1884 Portugal requests Otto von Bismark solve
  the Africa Problem
• 14 countries invited
• Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France,
  Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands,
  Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden-Norway (unified
  from 1814-1905), Turkey, and the United States of
  America.
• Germany France, G.B. and Portugal are the major
  players

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Carving Up Africa

• 80 of the continent was self-governed
• Africa is carved into 50 countries and
  superimposed over the 1000 indigenous cultures.

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Who Got What?

• Great Britain Egypt, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya
  (British East Africa), South Africa, Zambia,
  Zimbabwe, Botswana (Rhodesia), Nigeria and Ghana
  (Gold Coast)
• France Mauritania to Chad (French West Africa),
  and Gabon and the Republic of Congo (French
  Equatorial Africa)
• Belgium Democratic Republic of the Congo
  (Belgian Congo)
• Portugal Mozambique, Guinea and Angola
• Italy Somalia (Italian Somaliland) and Eritrea.
• Germany Namibia (German Southwest Africa) and
  Tanzania (German East Africa)
• Spain Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni)

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Colonial Africa After WWI
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Colonial Africa After WWII
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• Sub-Saharan Africa
• Countries in Africa South of the Sahara

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• What do these countries share in common?
• Skin color?
• History of colonialism?
• Poverty?
• AIDS??

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• How are they different?
• languages 800
• ethnic groups in the thousands
• religion
• resources
• government types
• GDP
• External political ties