Title: Air Quality Monitoring and Management in Kathmandu, Nepal
1Air Quality Monitoring and Management in
Kathmandu, Nepal
Presented By Chiranjibi Gautam Urban Env. AQM
Advisor Environment Sector Program Support (A
HMG/DANIDA Program) Ministry of Population and
Environment Co-Authors Suman Sharma, Project
Manager, ESPS/MOPE Karsten Fuglsang, AQM Expert,
Force Technology, Denmark BAQ 2004, Agra,
India 6-8 December, 2004
2Kathmandu Valley General Background
- Approximately 1.8 million population
- About 1300 meter above sea level
- A valley surrounded by 500 to 1000 m high
mountains - November to June- generally dry
- Lowest temperature around 0oC in Jan/Feb
- July to October- rains frequently
- Wind speed is generally calm
3Kathmandu Valley Air Quality Monitoring
- Campaign monitoring during 90ies
- Campaign monitoring during 2000-2001 for design
of permanent air quality monitoring system - Permanent air quality monitoring system
established in late 2002 - Monitoring of meteorological parameters- part of
the air quality monitoring system
4Kathmandu AQMM Institutions Involved
- Ministry of Population and Environment
- Muncipalities (five) in Kathmandu Valley
- Department of Transport Management
- Kathmandu Valley Traffic Police
- Department of Hydrology and Meteorology
- Nepal Bureau of Standards and Metrology
- Royal Nepal Academy of Science Technology
- Private laboratories
- Soil Test
- ENPHO
- NESS
5Kath AQMM Locations of Stations
6Kath AQMM- Parameters Monitored
7Kath AQMM Focus on PM10
- Designed according to EN12341
- Sustainable pump system
- Manual shift of filters
- 24 V battery backup for use during power cut
- Can be swithed to PM2.5
- can be programmed for 6 hrs interval
Passive Samplers for NO2, SO2, and Benzene
PM2.5
PM10
8Kath AQMM Status on PM10
NAAQS
9Kath AQMM Status on Benzene and NO2
10Kath AQMM Vehicle Emission Control
Import of only EURO-I vehicles Phased out of
diesel 3-wheelers, 2-stroke 3-wheelers, and 20
year old taxies Incremental tax on old vehicles
(15 years and older) Fiscal incentives to
electrical vehicles Road development and
maintenance fund (fuel tax) and additional
customs on import of vehicles for urban road
maintenance
11Kath AQMM Vehicle Emission Control
- Institutions involved in vehicle emission testing
and monitoring strengthened - All vehicles required to have green stickers to
ply in Kathmandu Valley - On road monitoring of black smoky vehicles
- Training to auto-mechanics for proper repair and
maintenance of vehicles - Private auto-workshops to be involved in vehicle
emission testing - Govt. institutions to concentrate on on-road
monitoring
12Kath AQMM Industrial Emission Control
- Ban on new registration of highly polluting
brick kiln technology (Bulls Trench kilns). - BTK to be changed either to Fixed Chimney or VSVK
by September 2004 - Energy Efficiency program in industrial boilers
and brick kilns started in 2001
13Kath AQMM Awareness Creation
Regular publication of results Radio jingles, TV
spots, Hoarding boards Awareness trainings
14Kath AQMM National AAQS
15Kath AQM Positive Results
Roadside avg of 2 stations
Residential avg of 3 stations