Aircraft Certification

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oint Aviation Authorities

• Aircraft Certification
• and
• Operational Approval
• D. J. Hawkes
• Chairman JAA CNS/ATM Steering Group
• Luxembourg 2001

RNAV in Terminal Airspace Workshop
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Key Objectives

• Meeting the requirements
• Meeting implementation schedules
• Obtaining approval to fly RNAV

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Key Milestones
Approval to operate European RNAV routes
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Key Milestones
Approval to operate European RNAV routes
Certification of aircraft modifications
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Key Milestones
Approval to operate European RNAV routes
Certification of aircraft modifications
Approval of equipment

• ....which Authority ?

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The Joint Aviation Authorities

• The JAA is a European organisation operating
  from its headquarters in the Netherlands.
• Under the terms of an Arrangements Document
  agreed by the 33 member states, common
  requirements are adopted and applied for
• aircraft operational approval
• airworthiness certification
• aircraft maintenance, and
• personnel licensing.

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• JAA is for
• airspace policy
• implementation schedules
• air traffic services
• airport regulation
• military aircraft
• non-European carriers

not responsible
No separate legal identity outside the
Netherlands. Requirements and decisions not
legally binding on members.

• National authorities are responsible for
  implementing JAA requirements and decisions.

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(No Transcript)
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Operational Requirements

• JAR OPS-1 sets operational requirements which
  apply only to aeroplanes used for commercial air
  transportation where the principal place of
  business of the operator is in a JAA member
  state.
• JAR OPS-3 applies to helicopters.

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Airworthiness Requirements

• JAA airworthiness requirements
• (JAR-25, etc.) apply only to civil aircraft
  registered in a JAA member state.
• For general aviation, national regulations and
  procedures apply, pending development of
  appropriate JAA requirements.

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Operators from Non JAA States

• Will need to satisfy European airspace RNAV
  standards
• Must apply to their own national Authority for
  approval
• Authorities of Non JAA States may adopt JAA
  certification and operational material or publish
  equivalent standards.

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JAA Guidance Leaflets
TGL No. 2 rev 1 Basic RNAV TGL No. 3 rev 1
GPS TGL No. 9 Database Assurance TGL No. 10
Precision RNAV
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Guidance Material in Preparation

• RNAV Approach
• RNP-RNAV
• RNP-10
• Reduced Longitudinal Separation

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Basic RNAVJAA TGL 2 rev 1

• A simple standard for en-route navigation giving
  /- 5NM lateral accuracy
• Not compatible with complex procedures
• Cockpit integration often very basic
• Not compatible with high crew workload
• Navigation database integrity an issue

• Not intended for Terminal Airspace other than
  entry and exit.

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Precision RNAVJAA TGL 10

• An interim step towards the full ICAO RNP
  standard but relaxed to allow many existing
  aircraft to be accepted with minimum
  modification.
• P-RNAV is applicable to Terminal Airspace
  including departures, arrivals, and approaches up
  to the point of the Final Approach Waypoint.

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Precision RNAV

• Lateral track keeping accuracy is /- 1NM
• Compatible with design criteria for airspace
  procedures and expected crew workload.
• Certification criteria is based on a total of 17
  Assumptions about the operating environment that
  the airspace authorities will need to address.

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P-RNAV AssumptionsTGL 10 Section 4
Three (of the 17) important assumptions

• Airspace procedures satisfy PANS OPS and follow
  the guidelines of EUROCONTROL document
  NAV.ET1.ST10 Guidance Material for the Design
  of Procedures for DME/DME and GNSS Area
  Navigation.
• The need to carry dual P-RNAV systems is
  identified in the AIP for terminal P-RNAV
  procedures with particular hazards.
• RT phraseology for P-RNAV is promulgated.
  

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Experience Aircraft Equipage
Aircraft operators under-estimate the
availability of equipment and installation
service bulletins, the available capacity in
modification centres, and the time needed to
complete the approval processes.
A view in the mirror is not always good. Zen
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How long can it take ?
Problem recognised
Solution proposed
Statement of intent
1
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How long can it take ?
Proof of concept
Standardisation ICAO, EUROCAE
Problem recognised
Safety studies
Solution proposed
Regulations prepared JAA, FAA, ATS
Statement of intent
Consultation and planning
Go Decision
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3
Years elapsed
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How long can it take ?
Preparation by aircraft operators and ATS
Commercial arrangements
Equipment procurement and Modifications
Training
Certification operational approval
Go Decision
Implementation
Years elapsed
3
1
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How long can it take ?
Proof of concept
Preparation by aircraft operators and ATS
Standardisation
Problem recognised
Commercial arrangements
Safety studies
Equipment procurement and Modifications
Solution proposed
Regulations
Training
Statement of intent
Consultation
Certification operational approval
Go Decision
Go Decision
Implementation
Years elapsed
3
1
7
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Next step?

• Following that first important step of B-RNAV
  we now have the opportunity to introduce P-RNAV
  as the next step towards full RNP-RNAV operations.

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Conclusion

• If we are to enjoy the full benefits that RNAV
  can bring, the air traffic services and the
  aircraft operators should be planning and
  preparing NOW !

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Cautionary Note

• Any views expressed in this presentation, or
  references made to publications, should not be
  interpreted as being the current policies of any
  national authority. Readers are advised to
  consult the latest publications of national
  authorities for information on applicable
  policies, requirements and guidance material.
• Enquiries relating to the certification of
  aircraft systems, or to operational approvals,
  should be made to the applicants own national
  authority.

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Obtaining Information useful Web Sites

• JAA
• JAA Publisher
• EUROCAE
• EUROCONTROL

• www.jaa.nl
• www.global.ihs.com and www.avdataworks.com
• www.eurocae.org
• www.eurocontrol.be and
• www.ecacnav.com

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oint Aviation Authorities