RADIATION PROTECTION

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RADIATION PROTECTION
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Radiation exposure always means there is a risk
of biologic changes

• Benefits should outweigh the risks

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REVIEW

• WHAT DOES IONIZING RADIATION MEAN?

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REVIEW

• HOW ARE X-RAYS PRODUCED?

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VERY IMPORTANT!!!!!

• WHEN ELECTRONS HIT TARGET
• 99 OF THE ENERGY IS HEAT
• 1 IS X-RAYS

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After the x-rays leave the tube and strike
matter, three things can happen

• The x-rays are absorbed completely.
• The x-rays transfer some of their energy and then
  scatter.
• The x-rays can pass thru matter undisturbed.

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UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

• Traditional
• Roentgen (R)
• Rad
• Rem

• SI
• Coulombs per KG
• Gy (Gray)
• Sievert

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ROENTGEN (R) or COULOMBS PER KILOGRAM(C/KG)

• Measures ionization of air below 3 MeV

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Rad or Gy (Gray)

• Measurement for the general population (Not
  occupational worker)
• Measures radiation absorbed

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REM OR SIEVERT

• Measurement used for occupational workers
• Radiation equivalent man
• Measures biologic response
• Absorbed dose x weighting factor 1 rem
• 1 rad 1 rem. Quality factor in x-rays is 1
• 5rems allowed for occupational workers. (50 mSv)

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ALARA

• AS LOW AS REASONABLY ACHIEVABLE

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PROTECTING THE PATIENT

• TIME
• DISTANCE
• SHIELDING
• BEAM RESTRICTION
• FILM/SCREEN COMBO
• FILTRATION

• TECHNIQUE
• POSITIONS

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PROTECTING YOURSELF

• TIME
• DISTANCE
• SHIELDING
• FILM BADGES

• BE OUT OF ROOM
• AS FAR FROM SOURCE AS POSSIBLE
• Lead aprons, thyroid shields, lead gloves
• wear always. On collar

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INVERSE SQUARE LAW

• THE FURTHER AWAY FROM THE SOURCE, THE LESS
  RADIATION A RADIOGRAPHER RECEIVES
• INTENSITY OF THE RADIATION VARIES WITH THE
  SQUARE OF THE DISTANCE
• OR

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IF THE DISTANCE IS CUT IN HALF, THE INTENSITY
WILL INCREASE BY FOURIF THE DISTANCE IS
DOUBLED, THE INTENSITY WILL DECREASE BY A FACTOR
OF FOUROR
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LETS TAKE A BREAK!!!!!!!!