Stock-Taking of Land Reform and Farm Restructuring ?????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ? ???????????????? ????????

1
Stock-Taking of Land Reform and Farm
Restructuring?????????? ?????? ?? ?????????
??????? ? ???????????????? ????????

• Results of a World Bank-FAO policy research study
• ?????????? ???????????? ??? ? ?????????? ????? ?
  4-? ??????? ??? ? ???

????? ????? ???
David Sedik FAO
2
Land Reform in the CEE and CIS Countries is the
Largest in Recent History???????? ?????????
??????? ? ??????? ??? ? ??? ????????? ???????? ?
?????? ???????
Country or region Period Duration (years) Land transferred (million ha)
Mexico 1917-92 75 100
Brazil 1964-94 30 11
Japan 1945-52 7 2
Korea 1945-50 5 0.5
Taiwan (Rep. of China) 1949-53 4 0.2
CEE countries 1990-2000 10 33
CIS countries 1990-2000 10 116
3
Why a Stocktaking?????? ????????? ??????

• Land reform does not seem to have lived up to its
  potential????????? ??????? ?? ?????????
  ???????. ??? ?? ????
• Four case studies Azerbaijan, Bulgaria,
  Kazakhstan, Moldova4 ?????? ???????????,
  ????????, ?????????, ???????

4
Overview of presentation????????? ???????????

• Selected results -- ????????? ??????????
• Land reform and agricultural production?????????
  ??????? ? ??????? ????????? ? ?-?
• Farm performance????????????? ?????????? ??
  ?????? ??????????????
• Households perceptions on well-being and rural
  services?????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????????? ?
  ???????
• Households acceptance of land reform?????????
  ????????? ????????? ? ????????? ???????
• Policy implications -- ???????? ??? ????????
  ????????

5
Land reform not the reason for production decline
in the 1990s????????? ??????? ?? ????????
???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?-?
????????? ??????? ? ??????? ????????? ?-?

• In all four countries agricultural production
  began to
• fall before land reform
• grow after land reform
• ?? ???? 4-? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?-?
• - ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ???????
• - ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????

6
Moldova
????????? ??????? ? ??????? ????????? ?-?
??????? ????????? ?-?
???
7
Azerbaijan
????????? ??????? ? ??????? ????????? ?-?
??????? ????????? ?-?
???
8
Kazakhstan
????????? ??????? ? ??????? ????????? ?-?
???
??????? ????????? ?-?
9
Crop yield and area growth drive recovery in
Moldova???? ?????????????????? ? ????????
??????? ? ???????
????????????? ??????????
???????? ???????
???????????
?????????????????? ??????????????
10
Yield and area growth drives recovery in
Azerbaijan ???? ?????????????????? ? ????????
??????? ? ????????????
????????????? ??????????
???????????
?????????????????? ??????????????
???????? ???????
11
Crop yield growth drives recovery in Kazakhstan
???? ?????????????????? ? ???????? ??????? ?
??????????
????????????? ??????????
?????????????????? ??????????????
???????????
???????? ???????
12
Index of crop yields in individual farms higher
than in corporate farms for most years (official
statistics)??????????? ? ?????????????? ???????
????, ??? ? ????????????? ???????
????????????? ??????????
  1990 1995 2002
Moldova
Individual farms 50 42 33
Corporate farms 46 35 33
Azerbaijan
Individual farms 54 38 41
Corporate farms 27 15 20
Kazakhstan
Individual farms 31 9 20
Corporate farms 13 5 10
13
TFP and land productivity greater in family farms
from sample?????? ?????????????????? ?
?????????????????? ????? ???? ? ????????
??????????
????????????? ??????????
  TFP Labor productivity Land productivity
Moldova
Family farms 5.9 9.9 10.8
Corporate farms 1.7 16.7 3.3
Azerbaijan
Family farms 2.3 7,803 1,762
Corporate farms 1 3,692 840
14
High portion of income from farming in Moldova
and Azerbaijan??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??
?-? ???????????? ? ??????? ? ????????????
Portion of family income from agriculture ????
????????? ?????? ?? ?-? ????????????
15
Rural public services improvement in MD,
deterioration in AZ???????? ?????? ????????? ?
???????, ????????? ? ????????????
?????? ???????????? ? ????????????
  Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Moldova Moldova
Present level of household satisfaction1) with service Before2 1992 Today Before2 1992 Today
Electricity 84.1 43.7 73 79.0
Gas 18.4 3.5 35.7 37.7
Drinking water 68.9 66.7 42.5 38.6
Telephone 25.8 30.2 35.4 50.8
1. Scale from 0 to 100 0not available,
100always available. 2. Before refers to the
period before dismantling of collective/state
farms.
16
Perceived fairness of land reform lowest in
Moldova?? ?????? ????????????, ??????????????
???. ??????? ???? ????? ? ???????
????????? ????????? ????????? ? ????????? ???????
Percentage of households perceiving land
allocation as fair ??????? ????????????, ??
?????? ??????? ???. ???????
???? ???????????
17
Implications for policy???????? ??? ????????
????????
???????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ????????

• Stability of growth after robust land reforms
  (AZ, MD) suggests that these reforms were
  beneficial
• Higher individual sector yields for many years
  suggests potential for moving more production to
  individual farms
• Land reform alone can not make up for lack of
  rural development, deteriorating infrastructure,
  etc.
• ???????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ???????
  ??????????????? ? ?? ????????????? ???????
• ?????????? ??????????? ? ?????????????? ???????
  ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????
• ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????????? ??
  ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????,
  ?????????? ??????????????, ? ?.?.